Content Test Chapter 2.1-2.4 Flashcards
How and why were civil liberties violated during the Civil War?
Faced with rebellion, and following the Baltimore Riots of April 1861, Lincoln suspended habeas corpus in some parts of four strategically important states.
What were the aims of the union and the confederacy entering the war?
• Lincoln wanted to defeat what he labelled a rebellion, to win a ‘Civil War’.
• Jefferson Davis wanted to turn a rebellion into a ‘War of Southern Independence.
What were the strategies of the union and confederacy entering the war?
• North
i. Anaconda plan
1. Blockade
ii. Cut the South in 2
• South
i. Defensive war
What was the impact of foreign influences during the war?
The trade in raw cotton between the South and the UK was of great importance to both economies. ‘King Cotton’ was so important to the British economy that the South
misjudged its position and power. The South had expected Britain to recognise the CSA and go to war on its behalf. Britain did neither important
What was the purpose of the emancipation proclamation and what did it accomplish?
Like the blockade, the proclamation was an attack on the South’s economy. The Emancipation Proclamation meant Northern war aims were no longer to return to the position of 1861.Abolition was now the central issue of the fighting.
How was life in the Confederate States during the war?
Economic hardships
Military service
High casualties
Women’s roles challenged
Why is the war known as “A rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”?
if drafted, men could nominate a substitute to join in their place or pay $300 not to join.
What was the nature of democracy during the war?
Women could not yet vote, but nor could they in many other 19th-century democracies. Slaves could not either, but that was typical too, nor could the native populations in the developing European empires.
What is the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment?
• 13th, banned slavery
• 14th, made African Americans citizens
• 15th, gave African Americans the right to vote
What was the Compromise of 1877?
a. Hayes declared President
b. Removal of troops from South
c. End of Reconstruction
d. Investment on infrastructure
i. To help the South
e. Sothern Democrat in the Cabinet
i. David Key from Tennessee as Postmaster General
What happened during the Election of 1876?
Hayes promised to withdraw federal troops from the South and to appoint a Southerner to the cabinet, and to move funds to improve the railroads in the South. The country waited for the outcome and then Hayes was inaugurated.
Cite and explain at least 3 successes for black people during Reconstruction?
13th, 14th and 15th Amendments
Political power (Hiram Revels)
Education (HBCUs)
What laws/policies were passed under President Grant?
15th Amendment
Enforcement Acts
i. Combated KKK violence and protect African Americans
ii. Civil Rights Act 1875 – prevent discrimination in public places ie. Hotels, theaters
iii. Amnesty Act of 1872 – restores political rights and ability to hold public office for most former confederates
How did Abraham Lincoln’s 10% Plan compare to the Radical Republicans’ plan for Reconstruction?
Southern states should, in his view, be readmitted to the union when 10% of their citizens had sworn loyalty, and when they had an education system which would be able to cope with the new freed slaves and constitutions which banned slavery. Congressional Radicals, meanwhile, refused to seat the House and Senate delegations from newly defeated Tennessee, Louisiana and Arkansas, thus denying them parity with the northern states.
What difficulties did Andrew Johnson face during his presidency and what were the causes of his impeachment?
The trial cited 11 articles of impeachment, most about the Tenure of Office Act.
What was President Lincoln’s message at Gettysburg and what was its future impact?
Honor the fallen
b. Unity of a nation
c. War to end slavery
d. Inspiration to future generations
e. Helps with future Reconstruction amendments (importance of democracy)
How did the tide of war turn in 1863, from the Southern victories at Fredericksburg to the Union victory at Gettysburg?
Gettysburg – major victory over the South, and last time South invades North
Vicksburg – North gains control of Mississippi River
Why was the victory at Vicksburg so important to the Union?
Gave the union access to the Mississippi River and allowed completion of the anaconda plan
How did some Southerners deprive freed people of their rights and what was the response of Congress?
a. Black Codes
b. Violence and intimidation
c. Disenfranchisement (poll taxes, literacy test, grandfather clauses)
What effect did the Compromise of 1877 have on Reconstruction, and why did many northerners ignore the plight of blacks in the southern states?
a. War fatigue
i. Long and devastating war, people weary of challenges and turmoil in conjunction with the South’s Reconstruction
b. Economic concerns
i. People were more concerned with economic issues with industrialization and the growth of the West
c. Racial prejudice
d. ended reconstruction
What is the meaning of the following quote as it applies to Reconstruction: “The slave went free; stood a brief moment in the sun, then moved back again toward slavery.”
a. Momentary freedom –
b. Enjoying of some rights prior to people trying to undermine then
c. Black codes pushed African Americans back towards slavery
South leading up to war:
i. Economic – agrarian society, particularly cotton, which made possible the institution of slavery
ii. Slavery – legal and widespread. Played a crucial role in the plantation based economy
iii. Political – felt isolated in national politics, balance of power was shifting away from the South. Advocated for the expansion of slavery in the new territories
iv. Cultural, social and population – homogenous in reference to the white population with a strong sent of regional identity.
v. Transportation and infrastructure – lagged behind the North relied on river transportation for agricultural exports, some railroads but not many interconnected lines
vi. Education – limited access to education, particularly slaves
North leading up to war;
i. Economic – industry heavy
ii. Slavery – gradually abolished and not a significant part of the economy or society
iii. Political – opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories
iv. Cultural, social and population – diverse and large immigrant population, with cultural and religious diversity and a higher population centered around city centers
v. Transportation and infrastructure – more advanced infrastructure of railroads and canals which helped economic growth and mobility
vi. Education – higher literacy rates and more educational institutions
What were the significant battles of the Civil War and why were they significant?
First Battle of Bull Run,
Battle of Shiloh,
Battle of Antietam,
Battle of Gettysburg,
Vicksburg Campaign
