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PRAXIS 5024/PRAXIS 5205 > Content Pedagogy and Knowledge > Flashcards

Content Pedagogy and Knowledge Flashcards

PRAXIS

1
Q

Etymology

A

the study of the origin and history of words

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2
Q

Cognitive Memory Questions

A

a question that requires rote memory or recall

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3
Q

Homophones

A

words that are pronounced the same as another word but have a different meaning and may be spelled differently

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4
Q

Active listening

A

method of communication that focuses on mutual understanding to prevent confusion that includes attending, listening, and responding

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5
Q

Divergent questions

A

question with many correct answers that can be explored and discussed

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6
Q

Receptive language

A

the ability to understand meaning from language

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7
Q

Expressive Language

A

the ability to express meaning through language

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8
Q

Factual Questions

A

question that is looking for a single correct answer

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9
Q

Convergent Questions

A

question with a finite number of correct answers that can be explored

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10
Q

Evaluative Questions

A

question that requires making a judgment about a subject

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11
Q

Student Engagement

A

the level of attention and interest students demonstrate while learning

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12
Q

Word families

A

a group of words with a shared ending letter group/sound

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13
Q

Phoneme Segmentation

A

the ability to break down a word into separate sounds, as they say and count each sound

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14
Q

Phoneme Substitution

A

the ability to substitute one phoneme for a different one

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15
Q

Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation

A

the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words

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16
Q

Phonological Awareness

A

the understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language apart from print

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17
Q

Phoneme Isolation

A

the ability to hear and recognize the individual sounds in words

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18
Q

Rhyme Awareness / Rhyming

A

the ability first to hear words that rhyme and then to be able to produce a rhyme(s)

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19
Q

Phonemic Awareness / Sound Awareness

A

the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words

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20
Q

Phoneme Addition

A

the ability to make a new word(s) by adding a phoneme to an existing word

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21
Q

Phoneme Manipulation

A

the ability to perform phoneme deletion, addition, and substitution.

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22
Q

Word Awareness

A

knowing that individual words make up a sentence

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23
Q

Phoneme

A

The smallest individual sound in a word

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23
Q

Phoneme blending

A

the ability to blend two sounds to make a word

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24
Directionality
The direction something is read
25
Print concepts
the general rules governing texts
26
Onset and Rime Production
the ability to hear and understand that the sound(s) before the vowel in a syllable is the onset, and the vowel and everything that comes after it in a syllable is the rime
27
Phoneme Deletion
the ability to recognize and understand a word or sound(s) that remain when a phoneme is removed.
28
Organizational Structure
Text structure can include cause and effect, problem/solution, and main details or sequence
29
Metacognition
the ability to think about one’s own thought process
30
Literary Analysis
The careful examination of a text or one element of a text, including theme, plot, characters, or setting, in order to determine why and how the particular text was written.
31
Sentence Stems
Common sentence starters provided to students to use when generalizing, summarizing, or transitioning between ideas.
32
Tone
The attitude of the author in writing, and which might be comical, serious, frightening, joyful. Sometimes called diction
33
Moral
Lesson or message to be learned within a story
34
Close reading
a teaching strategy in which students carefully and purposefully read and reread a text
35
Textual evidence
Proof or support of the meaning of what is being read or has been read. This evidence can be a direct quote, transition words in time and space, a statement of purpose, and/or making an argument.
36
Concept / Vocabulary Map
a form of scaffolding in which a new concept or vocabulary word is written in the center and pictures or descriptive words are written surrounding it
36
Chronological Order
An organizational approach that follows an orderly progression of events based in time.
37
Figurative language
A word or phrase that does not have its normal everyday, literal meaning
38
Cause and effect
a writing method in which the author explains reasons why something happened or the effects of something that has happened
39
Schema for reading
background knowledge a reader brings to the text
40
Gradual Release
a teaching strategy in which students are gradually given less direct guidance
40
Draw conclusion
To make final comments/summation over what has been read or written.
40
Text frame
Teachers can include text frames throughout a reading with questions designed to prompt students to think about relationships and key ideas
41
K-W-L chart
A graphic organizer used throughout a unit that shows what students know (K), want to know (W), and learned (L)
42
Reciprocal Teaching
a dialog between teachers and students regarding segments of text; there are four parts: summarizing, question generating, clarifying, and predicting
43
Guided reading
Reading done by students with teacher support. This reading will be done within the framework of a lesson and often in a small group setting with the teacher.
44
Writing conventional stage
Fourth stage of writing (ages 6-7). Demonstrates more control over many aspects of the writing process.
45
Writing: Emergent Stage: Second stage of writing (ages 4-5).
Understands that what is said (speech) can be written and that print moves from left to right rather than randomly on a page
46
Writing: Proficient Stage:
Fifth stage of writing (ages 7-9). Understands and is able to write for various purposes and audiences
47
Writing Process
Revising: Reviewing the draft and making necessary corrections for sentence usage, organization, coherence, and audience
48
Transitional Spelling
Students use some conventional spelling but still misspell many irregular words
49
Writing transitional stage
Third stage of writing (ages 5-6). Writes a single letter (often the beginning consonant of the word) to represent an entire word or syllable; begins to understand and use basic punctuation
50
Writing process editing
Reviewing the draft for corrections in grammar, mechanics, and spelling
51
Precommunicative spelling
Students use scribble shapes and sometimes letter-like shapes for spelling words but are unable to make the forms
52
Semi-phonetic Spelling
Students have some letter awareness, but are unable to use all letters in the word.
53
Writing process, drafting
The second step in the writing process where the writer brings together similar ideas and organizes them into paragraphs
53
Writing: Pre-Conventional Stage
First stage of writing (ages 2-5). The child is aware that drawings and prints have specific meanings.
54
Conventional spelling
When children know and use the most basic spelling rules and spell most words correctly.
55
Writing conference
an individual meeting with students to discuss their drafts to help them revise their work before submitting a final product, and to help the teacher assess student understanding and modify instruction as needed
56
Root
Base words to which prefixes, suffixes and syllables can be added
57
Reading fluency
The ability to read with appropriate speed, accuracy, and prosody
57
Frayer model
a popular form of semantic mapping which helps students to identify and define unfamiliar concepts and vocabulary
58
Homographs
words that have the same spelling as another word but different meaning
59
Echo or choral reading
A strategy in which students first listens to the teacher read a short passage aloud, and then the class and the teacher all read it aloud at the same time
60
Supervised Oral Reading
A strategy in which a student reads aloud to a teacher or tutor
61
Affix
A letter or letters that change a root word's meaning
62
Automaticity
the ability to read words effortlessly
63
Denotative Meaning
a literal, dictionary meaning of a word
64
Structural / Morphemic Analysis
using meaningful word parts (morphemes) to study a word and determine its meaning
65
Prosody
the reader's ability to convey expression, including using correct emphasis, punctuation, and tone, while reading aloud
66
Vocabulary / Vocabulary Development
the ability to effectively know and use words in their listening, speaking, reading, and writing
67
Morphology
The study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.
68
Decoding
In reading out loud, being able to sound out words by breaking them into simple forms. In reading for comprehension, the understanding of how to read each letter or letter pattern in a word to determine the word’s meaning
69
Morpheme
A combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts. This includes prefixes and suffixes.
69
Long vowel
When a vowel sounds like its name, this is called a long vowel sound.
70
R-Controlled Vowel
a vowel followed by the letter r where the "r" doesn't make its normal short or long sound
71
Consonant Blend
two or more consonants that blend together when decoded, but each retains its own sound
72
Sight word instruction
the approach taken when teaching high frequency, often irregular words to early readers
73
Consonant Diagraphs
two consonants that make a single consonant sound when together in a word
74
Short Vowel
the sound that most often corresponds to a vowel when the vowel occurs individually between consonants
75
Vowel Digraph
two vowels that make a single vowel sound when together in a word, also known as "vowel teams"
76
Fry Word List
the 100 most frequently occurring words in the English language; often used for sight word instruction
77
Diphthong
one vowel sound made by the combination of two vowel sounds
78
Phonics / Graph phonemic Principle
Using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write
79
Dolch Word List
the 220 most frequently used words that are considered basic level to the reading of a first or second grader in English

PRAXIS 5024/PRAXIS 5205 (5 decks)

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