Content from 9/22 to 9/24

Question 1

T/F - Decreases in both circulating adiponectin levels and adiponectin receptor levels can contribute to reduced adiponectin action and to the development of insulin resistance?

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

T/F - As visceral adiposity begins to increase, there is a parallel increase in the secretion and action of adiponectin?

Answer 2

FALSE

Question 3

Which of the following intracellular singlaling molecules is NOT involved in the enhanced GLUT-4 translocation and glucose transport activity by the interaction of AdipoR1 and APPL1?
AMPK
p38 MAPK
PI3K
Akt
eNOS

Answer 3

eNOS

Question 4

T/F - The primary form of adiponectin in the plasma is the globular form?

Answer 4

FALSE

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an adipokine?
Adiponectin
Resistin
PAI-1
Angiotensinogen
FFAs

Answer 5

FFAs

Question 6

T/F - The expression of the adaptor protein APPL2 is increased in insulin-resistance muscle cells and antagonizes the interaction of AdipoR1 and APPL1 to activate cell metabolism.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

T/F - Adiponectin transport across the endothelium of the vasculature in skeletal muscle tissue is by simple diffusion?

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

T/F - Circulating adiponectin levels are positively correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity?

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

T/F - With increasing resting BP there are generally increases in fasting plasma insulin and whole-body insulin sensitivity?

Answer 9

FALSE

Question 10

T/F - Regarding vascular dysfunction in the development of hypertension… Over time, hyperinsulinemia leads to less rigid and more constricted blood vessels, contributing to the hypertensive state?

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

T/F - Regarding the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and renal-induced hypertension… SNS over-activity can enhance ENaC activity in the kidney leading to enhanced sodium retention and hypertension?

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

T/F - ANG II has effects on blood pressure through its direct action to cause vasoconstriction in peripheral vascular beds, as well as indirectly by its ability to cause increased secretion of aldosterone?

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

T/F - Most of the individuals who have some degree of hypertension also have signs of impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance?

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Renin acts to cleave ___ to form ____. This peptide is cleaved by ____ to form the bioactive peptide _____

Answer 14

Angiotensinogen, ANG I, ACE, ANG II

Question 15

T/F - The pharmacological inhibition of ACE would lead to an increase in BP?

Answer 15

FALSE

Question 16

T/F - Increased SNS activity in the Metabolic Syndrome is associated with enhanced release of the peptidase renin?

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

T/F - Adiponectin is secreted primarily by white fat cells?

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

T/F - Adiponectin can exist in the plasma as high molecular weight forms, low molecular weight forms, and globular forms?

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

T/F - The globular form of adiponectin has biological action?

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

T/F - As adipocytes become larger due to increased lipid storage, the secretion of adiponectin decreases?

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

T/F - One mechanism for reduced adiponectin secretion is increased FFA action on the adipocytes?

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

T/F - The transport of adiponectin in the circulation requires attachment to binding globulins such as albumin?

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

T/F - Hyperinsulinemia is associated with the development of dyslipidemia, leading to the increased formation of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels?

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

T/F - Hyperinsulinemia can lead to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells?

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

T/F - Hyperinsulinemia is associated with enhance sympathetic nervous activity to peripheral vascular beds, causing vasoconstriction and elevated blood pressure

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

T/F - Hyperinsulinemia can lead to SNS overactivation?

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

T/F - Hyperinsulinemia can cause both enhanced ENaC activity and NHE expression, leading to enhanced sodium retention and hypertension?

Answer 27

TRUE