Content from 8/25 to 8/29 Flashcards
If a student only attempts a single clicker question in Blocks 1 and 3 how many points will they earn?
Two points
If a straight scale for grading was used in this class what grade will a student with an 89.833% earn?
B
In Block 1 what is the maximum number of attempts for the online quizzes?
3 attempts
T/F - The earliest defects that arise with metabolic Syndrome are insulin resistance and atherosclerosis?
FALSE
The cheapest, reasonably accurate assessment of visceral obesity is?
Waist circumference
As the Metabolic Syndrome progresses towards overt Type 2 Diabetes, symptoms typically arise chronologically. Put the following in chronological order from earliest to latest: Hyperinsulinemia Retinopathy Insulin resistance Central adiposity
Central Adiposity –> insulin resistance –> hyperinsulinemia –> retinopathy
T/F - The macrovascular complications (e.g. heart attack and stroke) of the Metabolic Syndrome first become apparent during the transition from IGT to type 2 diabetes?
FALSE
The type of tissue primarily responsibly for peripheral glucose disposal and for whole-body insulin resistance is?
Skeletal muscle
T/F - The Metabolic Syndrome is a clustering of several pathologies that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease?
TRUE
T/F - Metabolic Syndrome is also known as Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance Syndrome?
TRUE
T/F - The symptoms for the Metabolic Syndrome develop very rapidly?
FALSE
T/F - There is a greater prevalance of Metabolic Syndrome among older people?
TRUE
Increased subcutaneous adiposity is closely associated with the development of other components of Metabolic Syndrome?
FALSE
T/F - All individuals with the Metabolic Syndrome eventually develop Type 2 Diabetes?
FALSE
T/F - Adipose tissue can store lipid, but it also functions as an endocrine organ for the release of chemical messengers and other hormones?
TRUE
T/F - Based on the prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome presented in lecture, a 44-year-old male has a higher risk of developing the Metabolic Syndrome than a 44-year-old lady?
TRUE
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Metabolic Syndrome? Dyslipidemia Hyperinsulinemia Hypercoagulability Adipocyte dysfunction Impaired motor control
Impaired motor control is NOT a component of the Metabolic Syndrome
Which of the following ARE potential consequences of long-term hyperglycemia?
Eye damage
Kidney damage
Nerve damage
Oxidative stress caused by reactive nitrogen species
Oxidative stress caused by Advanced Glycation End products (AGE)
Eye damage
Kidney damage
Nerve damage
Oxidative stress caused by Advanced Glycation End products (AGE)
The liver (select all that apply):
- Breaks down stored glycogen to glucose in a process called glyconeogenesis.
- Produces glucose de novo from various substrates in a process known as glycogenolysis.
- Stores glucose in the form of glycogen.
- Modulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in response to insulin and glucagon.
- Is the first organ to process nutrients from the intestines via the hepatic portal circulation.
Stores glucose in the form of glycogen
Modulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in response to insulin and glucagon
Is the first organ to process nutrients from the intestines via the hepatic portal circulation
T/F - Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) only play a role in causing cellular damage and signaling dysfunction?
FALSE
Which of the following can be detected by specific neurons in the hypothalamus and can modulate neural output from the CNS to regulate glucose metabolism? Glucose Insulin Adipocytes FFA's ROS
Glucose
Insulin
Adipocytes
FFA’s
T/F - Individuals with a 2-hour glucose level above 200mg/dL during an OGTT can be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?
TRUE
T/F - Skeletal muscle is a major organ for both the removal of glucose from the bloodstream and for the delivery of glucose into the bloodstream following glycogen breakdown?
FALSE
