Content Area F: Behavior Change Systems Flashcards
Self-management tactics
Self-Instruction - consists of self-generated verbal responses, covert or overt, that function as a repsonse prompts for a desired behavior. Often used to to guide a person through a behavior chain or sequence of tasks.
Habit Reversal - is typically implemented in a multiple-component tx package that includes self-awareness training involving response detection and procedures for identifying events that precede and trigger the response, competing response training, motivation techniques including self-administered consequences, social support systems, and procedures for promoting the generalization and maintanence of tx gains.
Self-Directed Systematic Desensitization
Massed Practice forcing oneself to perform an undesired bx again and again, with the idea to decrease the future frequency of the bx.
Guiding principles for generalization
- Minimize the need for generalization as much as possible
- Conduct generalization probes before, during and after instructions
- Involve significant others whenever possible
- Promote generalization with the least intrucsive, least costly tactics possible
- Contrive intervention tactics as needed to achieve important generalized outcomes
Token economy
Is a bx change system conssiting of three major components:
- a specific list of target bxs
- tokens or points that participant receive for emitting target behaviors
- a menu of backup reinforcers
Level systems
Is a type of token economy in which participants move up (and sometimes down) a hierarchy of level contingent on meeting specific performance criteria with respect to target behaviors. As participant move “up” from one level to the next, they have access to more priviliges and are expected to demonstrate more independence. The schedule of token reinforcement is is gradually thinned so that participants at the highest levels are functioning on schedules of reinforcement that are similar to those in natural settings.
Level systems assumptions
(a) combined techniques- so called “package programs”- are more effective than individual contingencies introduced alone
(b) stedent behaviors and expectations must be stated explicitly
(c) differential reinforcement is necessary to reinforce close and closer approximations to the next level
Semilogarithmic charts
Refers to a graph in which only one axis is scaled proportionally.
Because bx is measured and charted over time, which progresses in equal intervals, the the x-axis is marked off in equal intervals and only the y-axis is scaled logaritmically.
On a semilog chart all bx changes of equal proportion are shown by equal vertical distances on the vertical axis regardless of the absolute values of those changes.
Standard Celeration chart
Use to provide a standardized means of charting and analyzing how frequency of behavior changes over time.
It is a semilogarithmic chart with six X10 cycles on the vertical axis that can accomodate response rates as low as 1 per 24 hours or ashigh as 1000 per minute.
- daily chart (140 calendar days)
- weekly chart
- montly chart
- yearly chart
What makes the Standard Celeration chart standard is its consistent display of celeration, a linear measure of frequency change across time, a factor by which frequency multiplies or divides per unit time. The acceleration and deceleration are used to describe accelerating or decelerating performances.
Bottom left to top right corner 34o slope. This slope has a celeration value of X2.
Precision Teaching
Precision Teaching is predicated on the position that:
(a) learning is best measured as a change in response rate
(b) learning most often occurs through proportional changes in behavior
(c) past changes in performance can project future learning
Precision teaching focuses on celeration, not on the specific frequency of correct and incorrect responses.
Scatter plot
A scatter plot is a graphic display that shows the relative distribution of individual measures in a data set with respect to the variables depicted by the x- and the y- axes.
