Contemporary urban environments

Question 1

Agriculture Based Regeneration

Answer 1

Regeneration focused to help local farms produce extra revenue such as creating farm shops, building the reputation of local produce and starting local farm
attractions.

Question 2

Amenity Value

Answer 2

The value of a resource to locals and businesses (beaches, timber, coal).

Question 3

Built Environment

Answer 3

Buildings and infrastructure of a place.

Question 4

Capital -

Answer 4

Productive assets, goods or financial stakes.

Question 5

Central Business District (CBD)

Answer 5

The centre of a city with a high density of businesses and TNC HQs.

Question 6

Council Estate

Answer 6

Consisting only of social housing, with tenants on subsidised rent.

Question 7

Counter Urbanisation -

Answer 7

An increase in the proportion of a population living within rural areas, due to migration from large urban areas to smaller rural areas.

Question 8

Urbanisation

Answer 8

An increase in the proportion of a population living in urban areas like towns and cities.

Question 9

Suburbanisation

Answer 9

Decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the edges of an urban area.

Question 10

Urban resurgence/ Re-urbanisation

Answer 10

Population movement from rural back to urban areas that were previously in decline, with an influx of upwardly mobile young people and new wealth, further
improves the social, economic and environmental conditions of the area.

Question 11

Cultural Erosion

Answer 11

The loss of a culture which results in a change in ideas or disregard for traditions.

Question 12

Culture-led Regeneration

Answer 12

The focus of regeneration is to enhance the cultural attractions of an area such as opening stately homes and building a reputation based on famous residents.

Question 13

Cycle of Deprivation

Answer 13

A negative multiplier effect, whereby deindustrialisation leads to economic loss, declining quality of life and loss of services which all then lead to further deindustrialisation.

Question 14

Degeneration

Answer 14

The decline of a region over time, due to insufficient funds, outward migration and declining quality of life for residents.

Question 15

Deindustrialisation

Answer 15

The long-term decline of a country’s manufacturing and heavy industry, leading to social and economic change within a region.

Question 16

Demographic

Answer 16

The characteristics of a population.

Question 17

Dereliction

Answer 17

The loss of industry or productivity of a land, leaving it abandoned

Question 18

Elite Migrants

Answer 18

Migration due to an individual’s wealth or status, often investing in the host country through investment visas, property or business.(Like Taiwan’s scheme)

Question 19

Environmental Impact Assessment

Answer 19

The study of environmental impacts caused by large
business projects.

Question 20

Environmental Regeneration

Answer 20

The focus of regeneration is to restore and maintain natural
environments such as woodlands, beaches and national parks.

Question 21

Gated Communities

Answer 21

Urban neighbourhoods are surrounded by gates often to improve privacy and safety. They can add to segregation within a community

Question 22

Gentrification

Answer 22

Renovation of older and deteriorating buildings and areas to attract high-income individuals or elite businesses to a place.

Question 23

Green Belt

Answer 23

Strips of greenfield land surrounding major UK cities, protected to try to reduce urban sprawl and preserve natural environments and habitats.

Question 24

Hard Regeneration -

Answer 24

Construction of new buildings and infrastructure and investment within a region.

Question 25

Kuznet’s Curve -

Answer 25

A graph describing environmental degradation as a country’s GDP per capita increases.

Question 26

Leisure-led Regeneration

Answer 26

The focus of regeneration is to attract tourists or improve the social quality of life (sports & activities, attractions, etc.

Question 27

Life-cycle Stage

Answer 27

The change in opinions and values at different stages of an individual’s life.

Question 28

Multicultural -

Answer 28

The existence, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single geographic area

Question 29

Non-Agricultural Based Regeneration -

Answer 29

The focus of regeneration is to produce revenue for rural
businesses (e.g. Tea Rooms, Paintballing, Historic Attractions).

Question 30

Overheating

Answer 30

• Increased demand for housing and the services of an area results in rising prices rather than increased output.

Question 31

Political Engagement

Answer 31

The willingness and ability of an individual to vote or join political parties or pressure groups.

Question 32

Pressure Group -

Answer 32

voluntary organisations aiming to persuade the public and
influence government policy or authorities’ actions

Question 33

Population Density -

Answer 33

The number of people per square kilometre

Question 34

Regional Disparity -

Answer 34

The economic (or cultural) gap between different parts of a country.

Question 35

Retail-led Regeneration

Answer 35

The focus of regeneration is to attract shops to high streets and markets, and to establish warehouses and logistical hubs for TNCs.

Question 36

Rural Decline -

Answer 36

Reduction in population in rural areas, leading to reduced services and government spending for that region.

Question 37

Reimaging -

Answer 37

Regeneration and rebranding specifically focussed on removing negative perceptions
about a place.

Question 38

Rural-urban Continuum -

Answer 38

• A range of living spaces running from the remotest peripheral rural villages to the CBD of the city.

Question 39

Sink Estates

Answer 39

Council estates that score badly on the Index of Multiple Deprivation.

Question 40

Spiral of Decline -

Answer 40

Stages of rural decline that contribute to a positive feedback loop, with more and more outward migration and increasingly declining services.

Question 41

Stakeholder -

Answer 41

An individual with interest and influence within their community (residents, local businesses, farmers, NGOs).

Question 42

Soft Regeneration

Answer 42

Investing in the skills and education of the population to improve their own quality of life.