Contemporary Therapies Flashcards
Explain the concept of learned non-use and how it relates to CIMT.
Learned non-use occurs when individuals with neurological injuries, like stroke, avoid using the affected limb due to difficulty and frustration, despite having some residual motor control. This leads to further weakening and functional decline of the limb. CIMT aims to overcome learned non-use by restraining the unaffected limb, forcing the individual to actively use the affected limb, promoting relearning and functional improvement.
Describe the three key elements of CIMT.
The three key elements of CIMT are: (1) Presence of learned non-use in the patient with demonstrable motor control potential in the affected limb. (2) Intensive task-oriented training of the affected limb for several hours per day over consecutive weeks. (3) Restraint of the unaffected limb using a splint, mitt, or sling for the majority of the therapy period.
What types of restraining devices are commonly used in CIMT?
Common restraining devices used in CIMT include: full slings to completely immobilize the unaffected arm, half gloves to restrict finger movements, and mitts to limit hand function. The choice of device depends on the patient’s needs and the severity of the impairment.
Explain the underlying principle behind Mirror Therapy (MT).
Mirror Therapy (MT) operates on the principle that the brain can be tricked by visual illusions. By strategically positioning a mirror, the patient observes the reflection of their unaffected limb moving, creating the perception that the affected limb is also moving. This visual feedback stimulates the brain and can facilitate motor recovery in the affected limb.
How does visual feedback contribute to motor recovery in MT?
Visual feedback plays a crucial role in MT by providing the brain with information about movement, even when the affected limb cannot perform the action. The visual input from the mirrored movement of the unaffected limb helps activate brain regions associated with motor control and promotes neuroplastic changes, leading to improved function in the affected limb.
What precautions should be taken when practicing movements during MT?
During MT, it is crucial to practice only symmetrical movements, where both limbs mirror each other’s actions. Performing asymmetrical movements, such as moving only the unaffected limb while keeping the affected limb still, can exacerbate the condition and hinder progress.
What is the primary objective of the Goal-Directed Approach in rehabilitation?
The primary objective of the Goal-Directed Approach in rehabilitation is to empower clients to participate in meaningful activities that align with their personal goals and values. This approach emphasizes client-centered care, focusing on functional outcomes that improve their quality of life.
Explain the importance of SMART goals in goal-directed interventions.
SMART goals are crucial in goal-directed interventions because they provide clear, measurable, and achievable targets for therapy. SMART goals help therapists and clients track progress, maintain motivation, and ensure that interventions are tailored to the individual’s specific needs and aspirations.
Describe the three stages of motor learning according to Fitts and Posner.
Fitts and Posner proposed a three-stage model of motor learning: (1) Cognitive stage: The learner focuses on understanding the task, develops strategies, and relies heavily on external feedback. (2) Associative stage: The learner refines movement patterns, improves coordination, and becomes more consistent in performance. (3) Autonomous stage: Movement becomes automatic, requiring less conscious effort, and the learner can adapt to variations in the task and environment.
How does the performance analysis inform treatment planning in the Goal-Directed Approach?
Performance analysis in the Goal-Directed Approach involves a detailed assessment of the client’s abilities, environmental factors, and task demands. This analysis helps identify specific barriers hindering occupational performance and guides therapists in selecting appropriate interventions and strategies to address those barriers effectively.
