Consul Generals of Egypt 1890-1914 Flashcards
How could Evelyn Baring be described as?
A very stereotypical Victorian colonial administrator, hard-working, fair, and believed in liberal reform.
When was he originally sent to Egypt?
1877
Why was he originally sent to Egypt?
To help Khedive Ismail with the financial problem
Baring created the Granville Doctrine, what did this allow?
It allowed Baring to dismiss Egyptain ministers who refused to follow British directives.
When did Tawfiq die and who was he replaced by?
He died in 1892, and was replaced by a new ambitious Khedive named Abbas Himli II
How did Baring respond to Abbas’ encouragement of nationalism?
He bullied him into submission
How did Baring regard Islam?
Something of a battleground between civilised Christianity and Islam, which he viewed as a set of outdated Arabian customs, detrimental to modern Egypt
What are some of the things Baring took action to do:
-Stop the slavery supply into Egypt
-Discourage slave-ownership in Egypt
-Abolish forced labour
-Outlaw punishment ushing the Kurbash
-Halt import of cannabis
-Regulate alcohol sales
-Close gambling houses
When and why was Baring forced to resign?
The Denshawai Incident in 1906. New Liberal government came to power in Britain that year, led by Henry Campbell-Bannerman
How much was Baring awarded in recognition of his services in Egypt?
£50,000 in 1907 ( 7 mil today)
What did Baring do after returning to Egypt?
Devoted himself to preventing women gaining political rights as the President of the Men’s League for Opposing Women’s Suffrage.
Who was Baring replaced by and when?
In 1907 by consul-general Eldon Gorst
How was Gorst known?
He was a universally disliked man in Egypt and recognised by the British as sneaky and untrustworthy
What was Gorst given instructions to do?
To give the Egyptians greater responsibility in an attempt to weaken the Egyptian National Party
What did Gorst do in 1909?
He tried to censor the press and other attempts to quieten growing nationalism
Who did Gorst appoint in position of Egyptian PM when?
He appointed Boutros Ghali, a supporter of Gorst, in 1908
What happened after Gorst appointed Ghali as PM?
This angered the press and they assassinated him in 1910
Why and when did Gorst lose his position
In 1911 he was diagnosed with terminal Cancer so he returned to England to die
Who was Gorst replaced by in 1911?
Sir Herbert Kitchener
What did Kitchener do in 1884?
He attempted to rescue General Gordon
What did Kitchener think of the Egyptians?
He spoke fluent Arabic and often preferred the company of Egyptians over English, he worried his blonde hair would cause the Egyptians to not take him seriously
What did Kitchener try to do?
Curb nationalism and uncover group stirring up trouble
What did Kitchener do in 1913?
Replaced the Advisory Council of Laws and General Assembly with a Legislative Assembly
What was the 1913 Legislative Assembly like?
It had 66 elected members and 17 appointed nominees. However, the assembly only really represented rich landowners not ordinary Egyptians
