Constructivist Approaches to Instruction

Question 1

Define a constructivist approach to teaching

Answer 1

Student is at the centre of learning, grounded in cognitive views of learning, teacher is a guide

Question 2

What were Vygotsky’s four key principles of constructivist approaches to learning?

Answer 2

1. social learning
2. zone of proximal development
3. cognitive apprentiship (learn gradually acquires expertise through interaction with expert)
4. Mediated learning (scaffolding)

Question 3

What is a top down approach to learning?

Answer 3

students are given a task and “figure out” or “discover” the formula or process

Question 4

What are the 4 APA Learner-Centered Psychological Principles?

Answer 4

1. Reinterpret information and experience for themselves
2. self motivation surrounded by seeking knowledge not extrinsic motivators
3. working with others to socially construct meaning
4. aware of their own learning strategies and applying them

Question 5

What is reciprocal teaching?

Answer 5

teachers initially model instruction to studnents then students demonstrate these strategies
- purpose to get all students involved

Question 6

What are the 4 cognitive strategies of reciprocal teaching?

Answer 6

Questioning, Summarizing, Clarifying, Predicting

Question 7

What is cooperative learning?

Answer 7

fosters group cooperation and interaction, encourages students to work toward a specific goal

Question 8

What are the features of cooperative learning?

Answer 8

• small groups
• group goal
• emphasis on social interaction
• individual accountability
• equal opportunity for success
• task specialization
• adaptation to individual needs

Question 9

What are some guidelines for introducing cooperative learning?

Answer 9

• pre select groups
• start small assignments
• have students practice moving into groups
• clear and specific tasks
• specify amount of time given
• students produce a product
• monitor groups

Question 10

What are the two essential features needed for cooperative learning to work?

Answer 10

1. recognition or small reward
2. individual accountability

Question 11

What are the positive effects of cooperative learning?

Answer 11

• achievement
• intergroup relations
• self-esteem and acceptance of children with special education needs