Construction Terms Flashcards
A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across spaces supporting elements
Beam
The extent of space between two supports of a structure
Span
The distance between inner faces of the support of a span
Clear span
The center to center distance between the supports of a span
Effective span
A beam resisting on simple supports at both ends which are free to rotate and have no moment resistance
Simple beam
A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end
Cantilever beam
A beam or other rigid structural member extending beyond fulcrum and supported by a balancing member or a downward force behind the fulcrum
Cantilever
A simple beam extending beyond one of its supports
Overhanging beam
A beam having both ends restrained against translation and rotation
Fixed-end beam
A beam extending over more than 2 supports in order to develop greater rigidity and smaller moments than a series of simple beams having similar spans and loading
Continuous beam
Part of a beam that is thickened or deepened to develop greater moment resistance
Haunch
A simple beam supported by the cantilevers of two adjoining spans with ponned construction joints at points of zero moment; also called hung span
Suspended span
A soil pressure acting on any structure that will tend to push the structure wherein the structure or a wall tends to move away from the soil
Active earth pressure
An instrument which measures the velocity and acceleration of an earthquake in the ground
Accelerograph
A round meA round, metal pin or bar embedded in conrete or masonry used to hold down machinery, steel columns, or beam casting
Anchor bolts
A temporary dam-like structure constructed which excludes water from the site of the foundation during its excavation and construction
Coffer dam
The vertical or horizontal face in a concrete structure where conreting has been stopped and continued later
Construction joint
A joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is palced
Cold joint
A cantilever wall that is reinforced with a masonry structure extending upward from the foundation or from the inner face of the retaining wall, to provide additional resistance to thrust and are placed at regular intervals
Counter
A cantilever wall that is reinforced with a masonry structure extending upward from the foundation or from the outer face of the retaining wall, to provide additional resistance to thrust and are placed at regular intervals
Buttress
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system including horizontal bracing system, that act to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements
Diaphragm
A structural member of a horizontal bracing system that takes axial tension and compression; parallel to the applied load that collects and transfer shear to the vertical resisting elements or distributive loads within the horizontal bracing system
Diaphragm strut
A short steel bar extending from one concrete element to another as for instance a concrete foundation to a concrete column
Dowel
A long pin of steel or wood, made with or without the head, driven through the timber and into an adjacent timber to hold them together and to transmit stresses
Drift bolt
A rich cement mortar which is applied by spraying under high air pressure
Gunite
A concrete beam placed directly on the ground to provide foundation for the superstructure
Grade beam
A deformed bar, embedded in a concrete construction at a joint and designed to hold a butting edges together, not designed for direct load transfer
Tie bar
A watertight pipe 300-600 mm in diameter with a flared top used in depositing concrete under water
An art of pacing new foundation under old foundation
Ratio of volume of air plus water to the volume cement
Void-cement ratio
The ratio of the amount of water with the amount of cement in a concrete or mortar mixture
Water cement ratio
Loads of constant magnitude that remains in one position
Dead load (DL)
Load that may change in magnitude and position
Live load (LL)
Load multiplied by appropriate load factors, used to proportion a members by the strength design method
Factored load
Reinforcement used to resist shear and torsion stresses in a structural member; typically, bars, wires, or welded wire fabric; usually applied to lateral reinforcement in flexural members and the term ties to those in compression members
Stirrups
