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APC Technical > Construction Technology > Flashcards

Construction Technology Flashcards

1
Q

When is an arboricultural survey required?

A

Technical report to ensure the growth and preservation of shrubs and trees is considered during a development

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2
Q

In relation to a Phase 2 assessment can you explain what CBR testing and soaraway testing is.

A
  • CBR = Californian Bearing Ratio, is undertaken to provide data for road and pavement design. It is a penetration test which is used to evaluate the sub grade strength.
  • Soak away test = excavating a trial pit, fill the trial pit with water and recording the level and intervals to establish the drainage rate and repeating 3 times. This is in accordance with BRE 365 soak away design.
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3
Q

Describe features of curtain walling

A
  • Weatherproof and self supporting enclosure of windows and spandrel panels in light metal frame suspended across the face of the building.
  • Held back to structure at widely spaced joints.
  • Thermally broken curtain walling has an insulated barrier between the inside and outside window frame that prevent energy loss.
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4
Q

Outline some properties of steel framed buildings.

A
  • Beams and Columns.
  • High Strength
  • Relatively low weight
  • Off site fabrication
  • Resist dynamic forces
  • Adaptable
  • prone to collapse in fire
  • Prone to corrosion
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5
Q

Difference between composite and build up cladding

A
  • Composite offers thermal and fire protection, some older forms pose a fire risk.
  • Built up is built up on site.
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6
Q

Rainscreen cladding

A
  • Air cavity
  • Outer layer to keep out rain and inner layer provides thermal and water protection, discourages leaking and carries wind loading.
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7
Q

Soil types and some properties

A

Rock - High bearing capacity
Sand/Silt - Good for drainage but can wash away.
Clay - Deeper foundations needed as clay can hold water.
Chalk - Dependant on type

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8
Q

How are earth works supported?

A
  • Retaining wall
  • Ground anchors
  • Gabion baskets
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9
Q

Name three protected species other than bats?

A

Great crested newts
Hazel dormice
Natterjack Toads
Some plant species

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10
Q

Some types of roof structure

A
  • Pitched
  • Mono pitch
  • Purlin Roof
  • Trussed Roof
  • King post
  • Queen post
  • Mansard
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11
Q

Name some types of foundations?

A

-Strip foundations - traditional where good conditions suitable
- Pad foundations - Used traditionally for steel frame, good localised load
- Raft foundations - Cover the footprint of the building, used where ground conditions are poor, settlement is likely or where impractical to do strip or pad
- Piles - Most commonly driven or bored and poured in situ, continue flight auger.

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12
Q

Typical masonry defects

A

Frost attack, efflorescence, sulphate attack, wall tie failure.

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13
Q

How would you size timber

A

Trade table

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14
Q

How should wall ties be spaced?

A
  • 2.5 ties per m2
  • Mac horizontal spacing 900mm
  • Max vertical spacing 450mm
  • Imbedded 50mm
  • More closely spaced around windows and doors
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15
Q

MMC?

A

Panelised construction, modular constriction, hybrid. Regularly use modular.

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16
Q

How can drainage be non compliant

A

When foul water goes into surface.

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17
Q

Did you assess the risk of rodent entry when installing sub floor ventilation.

A

Yes gaps in vents were less than 5mm to ensure no entry.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of foundations

A
  • Support to structures
  • Transfer load to soil / rock which have bearing capacity.
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19
Q

What do you need to consider when designing foundations?

A
  • Nature of ground conditions
  • The load of building
  • precence of water
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20
Q

What are the disadvantages to masonry construction?

A
  • Damp
  • Water Penetration
  • Condensation (vapour control layer essential.
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21
Q

Types of steel frame

A
  • Conventional, fabricated off site and welded on site.
  • Bolted
  • Light gauge
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22
Q

What do you know about portal frames

A
  • Popular in the 60s
  • Good for wide spans
  • Typically piles or pads.
  • Colums and rafters meeting at the apex/haunch
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23
Q

Benefits of timber frames

A

-Quick
-Lightweight
-Thermal performance
-Sustainable

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24
Q

Disadvantages of timber frame

A

-Not good for large structural spans
-Rot and infestation
-Risk of fire
-High cost

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25
Q

Advantages of masonry

A

-RElatively cheap
- Easy to source materials
-Good sound proofing
-Fire protection
-Wont rot

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26
Q

Where should DPC be installed?

A

DPC should be 150mm above ground level
Part C building regs

27
Q

How deep should foundations be

A

Standard foundations must be 450mm down to avoid frost damage

28
Q

How deep should foundations be in clay soils

A
  • Depends on plasticity
  • 750mm in low
    -900mm in medium
    -1000 in high
29
Q

Different types of flat roof covering

A
  • Sheet material such as bitumen felt or single ply.
  • In-situ materials such as asphalt
  • Metal such as lead or copper
30
Q

What is an inverted flat roof

A

Waterproofing layer is beneath the thermal insulation

31
Q

What pointing should be used for stone

A

Lime mortar should be used and not Portland cement.

32
Q

Where should expansion joints be placed

A
  • Dependant on materials, every 10-12 m
  • Thickness between 10-20mm
33
Q

What is the difference between warm and cold pitched roof?

A

Warm roof insulation between the rafters
Cold roof laid over ceiling.

34
Q

Name some stone defects

A

-Pore structure
-Lime run off
-Frost attack
-Acid rain

35
Q

What is the build up of a flat roof

A
  • Ceiling
  • Joists
  • Timber Deck
  • Vapour control barrier
  • Insulation
  • EPDM membrane
36
Q

Green building technology

A
  • Green roofs.
  • Passive solar
  • Passivhaus
  • Prefab
37
Q

What is an EPC

A

-Energy performance certificate
-Required when buildings are sold, built or rented.
-Valid for 10 years
-Landlord and agent responsible

38
Q

RICS guidance regarding sustainability

A
  • RICS sustainability: improving performance in buildings
    -Outlines a roadmap for integrating sustainability into existing buildings
  • Aims to assist surveyors in explaining options to clients
39
Q

What approved document is BREAAM complimented by?

A

Approved document part L

40
Q

What does BREAAM stand for?

A

Building research establishment environmental assessment method

41
Q

What does BREAAM do?

A

-Tool to rate new and refurbished buildings
-Sets standards for environmental performance of buildings
-

42
Q

What is your understanding of MEES?

A

Legal requirement to have EPC rating of E in order to let a property
2025 - D
2030 - C

43
Q

Exemptions to MEES?

A

Listed buildings and farm buildings

44
Q

What are the BREAAM assessment criteria?

A

-Energy
-Land use and ecology
-Water
-Health and Well-being
-Pollution
-transport
-materials
-waste
management

45
Q

What is a flat roof?

A

Roof pitch less than 10 degrees

46
Q

Where would you find information on drainage and waste disposal

A

Part H

47
Q

Where would you find information on heat producing appliances and fuel storage systems?

A

Part J

48
Q

What are the stages of enviornmental assessment?

A

Phase 1 - Preliminary
Phase 2 - Subsurface investigation
Phase 3 - Action plan for remediation of contamination.

49
Q

What is sub floor ventilation and why is it required?

A

150mm void on underside of timber floors
Ventilation needed to remove moisture laden air
Vent should be placed at no more than 2 metre centres

50
Q

RIBA work stages

A

0 - strategic definition
1 - prep and briefing
2 - concept design
3 - spatial coordination
4 - technical design
5 - manufacturing and construction
6 - hand over
7 - use

51
Q

Why are vapour control layers required?

A
  • As warm internal air penetrates through the external envelope to be outside it cools, when it reaches due point condensation can occur causing…
    -Mould growth
    -Corrosion
    -timber decay
    -frost damage
52
Q

How are U values measured?

A

Measured in watts per square meter Kelvin

53
Q

What agreement is required to connect to a public sewer

A

Section 106 agreement

54
Q

What is attenuation

A

reduction in run off, a way of controlling flow rates.

55
Q

Where would you find information on structure

A

Part a

56
Q

Where would you find information on fire safety

A

Part B

57
Q

Where would you find info on site prep and resistance to contamination

A

Part C

58
Q

Difference between single and three phase?

A
  • Amount of power available
59
Q

Where would you find information on ventilation?

A

Part F

60
Q

Where would you find information on sanitisation, hot water safety and water efficiency.

A

Part G

61
Q

What are the approved documents?

A

Approved documents provide guidance on how to comply with building regulations

62
Q

How do you install a vapour control layer?

A
  • Vapour control layers are installed on the warm side of the structure
63
Q

Where would you find information on the use of buildings

A

Part M

64
Q

Where would you find information on overheating

A

Part O

APC Technical (10 decks)

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