Construction Documents, Assemblies, Building Code, Accessibility Flashcards
Gypsum board assemblies parts
gypsum board panels and wood or metal support systems to which they are attached: metal studs are framed into runners. The ceiling runner commonly runs on the underside of the acoustical ceiling tile grid.
How are gypsum board typically installed?
Screwing it to studs or furring channels. Can also be directly glued to masonry or concrete.
Other names of Gypsum board
sheet rock or gyp board
gypsum board composition
noncombustible gypsum core faced with a paper surface.
What type of gypsum board is fire-resistance-rated?
Type X or fire code C core. The core includes vermiculite, and glass fibres that offset shrinkage during a fire.
What type of constructions are non-combustible?
Concrete, steel, brick
GWB dimensions?
4’ wide, 8, 10, 12 or 14’ long
GWB thickness?
1/4”, 3/8”, 1/2”, 5/8” and 3/4”
What is the most common GWB thickness used in commercial construction?
5/8”
what is 1/4” thick GWB used for?
when forming curved walls, either wet or dry. Double layers are used for additional fire resistance ratings or extra acoustical benefits.
How is best way to apply GBW when ceilings heights are 8’ 1” or less?
Horizontally
Where does refinished GWB is used?
On demountable partitions
Steps to GWB partitions assembly?
1-GWB screwed to framing, 2-joints are taped 3-and mudded with joint compound, which is 4-troweled smooth and 5-sanded.
When Do interior designers uses building codes?
When programming the design project and when completing the specifications in the contract documents.
What is the major consideration to all building codes?
The health and safety of individuals in the event of Fire.
When are building permits required?
For renovations and new constructions, but not for repairing existing construction
How governments enforce the building code?
1-Through permit applications during development of the construction contract documents.
2-Site inspections during the construction and installation phase
What is included in an application for a building permit?
Submitting contract documents which include drawings and specifications prepared by the appropriate consultant. No applications will be accept in Ontario unless all drawing have been stamped by and individual who has successfully completed the required Ontario Building Code examinations and has registered under the province. Engineers and Architects are exempt.
What needs to be identified for effective use of the building codes?
- The major occupancies
- multi or single tenant
- non-combustible or combustible construction
- sprinklered (equipped with a system of automatic sprinklers) or unsprinklered.
What is the philisophy behind occupancy classification?
- Some occupancies are more hazardous than others (presence of flammable liquids or chemicals)
- typical population of people within a space (are the occupants familiar with the space?)
- ease of evacuation (more difficult to evacuate patients in stretchers or wheel chairs.
The code is formatted to include Major Principles of fire protection:
- Fire Detection - smoke and heat detectors (pull stations) - knowledge of fire
- Fire Containment (Compartimentalization) - separating the fire from the rest of the building
- Fire Supression - sprinkler and standpipe and hose systems
- People movement - moving the building occupants away from danger to safety through size and number of exits, exit signs, emergency lighting and interconnected floor space based on occupancy and occupant load (protect-in-place or evacuation)
- Overal Live safety within floor areas - public corridors, dead end corridors, egress doors from rooms, door swing.
Fire Alarm and Detection systems - when is required? Components and location?
- required in high rise buildings
- annunciator installed close to building entrance - indicates where alarm was activated
- smoke and heat detectors - photoelectric heat detectors are better than ionization
- manual pull stations - near principal entrance to building and near every required exit.
Fire Containment - the type of construction used in various parts of a building is a function of:
the fire resistance rating of certain building components and the requirement for fire separations, as mandated by the building code (Major occupancies 3.1.3.1., Suites 3.3.1.1 and Public Corridors 3.3.1.4
What is assembly?
refers to a constructed structure and all its components
What is included in a partition assembly?
studs, drywall, insulation, screws, etc.
What is Fire Resistance Rating?
The time in hours or fraction thereof that a material or assembly of materials will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria.
What is Fire Separation?
A construction assembly that acts as a barrier against the spread of fire and SMOKE. It may or may not have a required fire resistance rating. In a multi tenet un-sprinklered building the fire separation must have a fire resistance rating of 45 min.
What are the 2 broad categories of fire resistance?
- Resistance of assemblies = fire ratings of separations
2. Surface burning characteristics of finish materials = flame spread rating
In a high rise building what is the fire resistance rating of floor assemblies?
2hr.
In a high rise building what is the fire resistance rating of exit stairwells?
2hr. fire resistance rating
In a high rise building what is the fire resistance rating of elevators?
1 1/2hr. fire resistance rating
In a high rise building what is the fire resistance rating of vertical shafts?
1 hr. fire resistance rating
In a high rise building what is the fire resistance rating of janitor closets?
1 hr. fire resistance rating
What is flaming spread rating?
an index or classification indicating the extent of spread-of-flame on the surface of a material or an assembly of materials as determined in a standard fire test as prescribed in the OBC.
What is a Closure in Fire Separations?
a device or assembly for closing an opening through a fire separation or an exterior wall, such as a door, a shutter, wired glass and includes all components such as hardware, closing devices, frames and anchors.
Any door and door frame within a fire separation with a fire resistance rating has a corresponding…
fire protection rating
What material can be used for fire rated door assemblies?
either wood, metal or hollow metal. Wood doors are labeled for up to 1 1/2 hrs, but wood frames can only be used in 20 min assemblies - for rating above 1 1/2 hrs on doors and 30 min on frames, hollow metal must be used.
What is a door closure and where should be used?
Self closing device. Any door in a fire separation
Fire suppression components?
Fire hose cabinets, sprinklers and dampers in HVAC
What is the hose length to provide fire hose coverage for a floor area?
30 M
What amount of floor length is permissible to be unreachable by the fire hose?
None. Generally 3 M is permissible considering that the hose spray extends at least 3 M (9’ 11”)
When should the fire cabinets be located?
within 5 M (16’ 5”) of every exit from a floor area. When the fire hose cabinet door is open it must not obstruct any means of egress.
What is occupant load?
The number of people that the building code establishes can safely occupy a given building and the various occupancies within the building.
How is the floor area calculated?
Outside wall to outside wall (inside face of wall or glass), but does not include WC, corridor or service areas.
What is exiting?
Means to get people out of the building safely to a public way - typically the street.
Exiting requirements:
- All high rising buildings must have a fire safety plan
2. All elevators are inaccessible except the fire fighters elevator (symbolized with a red fire helmet sign)
What are the parts of the egress system?
- Access to exit: egress door from a suite and the public corridor in a multi-tenant floor.
- Exit - part of a means of egress (including doorways) that leads from the floor area it serves to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure.
- Exit Discharge: the portion between the exit and the public way (street)
What is means of egress?
Exits and access to exit
What are the minimum required egress doors?
minimum of 2 when occupant load over 60, plus the travel distance can’t be more than 45M and area of suite is more than 200 M2 (2153 sqft) in an unsprinklered building or 300 M2 in a sprinklered building. Only one if less than 60 people and travel distance less than 25M
What is a public corridor?
a corridor that provides access-to-exit from more than one suite.
Which direction an egress door must swing?
Direction of travel if there are more than 60 persons.
Distance between 2 required exits (stairwell doors)?
At least half the diagonal dimension of the floor area - need not exceed 9 M (29’6”) for a floor with a public corridor. Distance measure as you travel, not straight line.
Exit width
1100mm (44”) for building with more than one basement and 900mm (36”) for building with only one basement level.
Travel distance?
Distance from any point of the floor area to an exit. Travel distance from one regress door from the suite must not exceed 45 M to the nearest exit in a sprinklered multi-tenant business occupancy
Barrier-free path of trave corridor width
Unobstructed width of at least 1100mm, 1600mm is better. If less than 1600mm must have a 1800 square every 30M
Minimum door clearance in barrier free path of travel?
860mm (33 1/2”) - from face of opened door to door jam - door has to be 965mm wide to provide this clearance
Clear space beside doors?
600mm (2’) on pull side, 300mm(1’) on push side when no power door operator is provided.
Washroom requirements:
- determine occupant load based on 14M2 per person when major occupancy is business and personal service occupancies.
- assume half the occupant load is male and half is female
- 2/3 of the water closets may be urinals in male washrooms
In high-rise commercial construction the main purposes for partitions are:
Fire Separation
Acoustic separation
Not load-bearing
Due to attrition rates, systems furniture and movable walls are preferable
Why GWB is the most common of all fixed partition types?
Its light weight does not add significant amounts to live loads of the building.
Applications of GWB?
on studs
over furring to cover other rough walls or concrete block
other substrates with mastic (resin, also called Arabic gum and Yemen gum)
What influences the choice of partition assembly?
Cost fire rating requirements acoustical separation ease of construction space consumed
Characteristics of partition walls’ framing component in commercial building?
Metal - light gauge (most common 25, 22, 20 gauge), galvanized steel.
Load bearing (supporting very heavy wall mounted wights) partition wall requirements?
heavier gauge metal - 12, 14, 16 or 18 gauge
Blocking - adding plywood to the inside wall.
Common dimensions partition wall framing?
2 1/2”, 3 5/8”, or 4” (64, 92, 100mm) depth - adequate for normal ceiling heights of 8 - 10’, allows clearances for electrical Boses and small plumbing pipes.
Deeper studs or furring for installation of recessed accessories (e.g. towel dispensers)
1 1/4” width
Spacing of studs on a partition wall in commercial applications?
24” O.C. (15.9mm)
What is furring?
Smaller framing members, either wood or metal, that provide only a base for attachment of GWB to one side of some other construction.
Fire resistant rated partition Assembly components?
Test #ULC Des W453 92 mm, 0.5 gauge steel top runner 16 mm type x GWB 92 mm, 0.5 gauge steel stud @ 610mm O.C 92 mm, 0,5 gauge steel bottom runner
Why fire resistant rated partition needs to go up to underside of structure above (concrete floors)?
Because all fire resistant rated partitions is also a FIRE SEPARATION - can’t stop at suspended ceiling!!
What areas require barrier-free path of travel?
From the entrances:
a) throughout the entrance storey
b) to and throughout all normally occupied floor areas and rooftop amenity spaces
Where a barrier-free path of travel is not required to extend?
into service rooms
- into elevator machine rooms
- into janitors’ rooms
- into service spaces
- into crawl spaces
- into attic or roof spaces
- into high hazard industrial occupancies
- portions of floor area with fixed seats in an assembly occupancy where these portions are not part of a barrier-free path of travel to: spaces designated for wheelchair use, seats designated for adaptable seating or spaces for the storage of wheelchairs and mobility assistive devices.
- suites of residential occupancy that are in storeys other than the entrance storey and that have all entrance doors at floor levels that are not required to have a barrier-free path of travel….
What percentage of suites need to be accessible?
10%
Door opening devices that are the only means of operation shall:
be designed to be operable using a closed fist, and
be mounted not less than 900 mm and not more than 1100 mm above the finished floor
Where does a dor shall be equipped with a power door operator?
Where the door serves a washroom for public use required to be barrier-free
Unless equipped with a power door operator, door in a barrier-free path of travel shall have a clear space on the latch side extending the height of the doorway and not less than?
600 mm beyond the edge of the door opening if the door swings toward the approach side,
300 mm beyond the edge of the door if the door swings away from the approach side,
300 mm beyond both sides of a sliding door.
What is the minimum number of Pedestrian Entrances required to be barrier-free?
When # of pedestrian entrances into the building is:
1-3 (1 needs to be barrier-free)
4-5 (2 needs to be…)
more than 5 (not less than 50%)
Number of washrooms required to be universal ?
related to # of storeys in building:
1 to 3 storeys - 1 universal washroom
4 to 6 storeys - 2
Over 6 storeys - 3, plus 1 for each additional increment of 3 storeys in excess of 6 storeys.
When water closet and lavatory in universal washroom may be counted as part of the plumbing fixtures required for males and females:
When more than one water closet is required for males and more than one water closet is required for females.
Minimum number of water closet stalls required to be barrier-free
Related to the number of water closet per washroom:
1-3 WC - 0, where a universal washroom is provided on the same floor level within 45 m of the washroom,
1, where a universal washroom is not provided on the same floor level within 45m of the washroom
4-9 WC - 1
10 to 16 - 2
17-20 WC - 3
21 - 30 WC - 4
Over 30 - 5, plus 1 for each additional increment of 10 water closets per washroom in excess of 30
Barrier-free WC stall dimensions
1830 x 1830mm, 1500 mm diameter clear turn circle
1700 between the outside of the stall face and the face of an in-swinging washroom door
1400 between the outside of the stall face and any wall-mounted fixture or other obstruction
Stairs run and rises dimensions
255-355 mm run
125 to 200 mm rise
Ramps width, gradient, level area?
900 mm width between handrails
maximum gradient of 1 in 12
level area of at least 1670mm x 1670mm at the top and bottom and at interval of not more than 9m along its length and where there is a change of 90 degrees or more in direction
Stairs handrails
At least in one side, in both sides if 1100 or more in width
If width is 2200 or more - intermediate handrails continuous between landings - not more 1650 between handrails
circular shape: not less 30mm outside diameter, not more than 43mm
nor-circular shape- perimeter not less than 100, not more than 125, largest cross-section not more than 45mm.
Classification of Building Major Occupancy
A - Assembly B - Detention, Care C - Residential D. Business and personal services E - Mercantile F - Hazard (e.g storage garageF3)
Building area definition
The greatest horizontal area of a building above grade, within the outside surface of the exterior walls or within the outside surface of exterior walls and the centre line of firewalls.
What is occupant load determination based on?
number of seats in an assembly occupancy having fixed seats
two persons per sleeping room or sleeping area in a dwelling unit or suit
number of person for which the area is designed or determined from a table for occupancies
- personal service shops - 4.6m2 per person
-offices - 9.3 m2 per person
storage-46.00 m2 per person
Number of WC for each sex?
related to number of persons of each sex:
up to 9 - 1
10-24 - 2
25-49 - 3
50-74 - 4
75 to 100 - 5
over 100 - 6 plus 1 for each additional increment of 30 persons of each sex in excess of 100
Wall assembly with plumbing components?
16mm GWB
Metal stud (64mm, 0.5mm gauge metal stud O.C.)
plumbing with construction tolerance around
Gusset plate
metal stud
GWB
