Construction and Math - Part 1 - Chapters 84-86 Flashcards
Identify the landlords responsibilities to reduce the risk of crime through prevention and understand the landlords responsibilities to prevent reasonably foreseeable crime or warn tenants of known criminal activity
A landlord is to properly maintain existing security features on the leased premises. However, the landlord does not have a duty to take control over and adjoining property and remove or prevent injury from dangerous conditions existing on the adjoining property.
When criminal activity is reasonably foreseeable due to known prior criminal activity, the landlord has a duty to take responsible measures to prevent harm to persons on the property from future similar criminal activities.
reasonably foreseeable
REASONABLY FORESEEABLE is the possibility a crime or danger may occur due to a previous crime on the premises. A landlord has a duty to take reasonable measures to prevent harm to persons on the property or warning them of the prior criminal activity.
A landlords duty to provide protection is determined in part by balancing the foreseeability of harm against the burden imposed on the landlord to remove or prevent the harm. A high degree of foreseeability is necessary to impose a duty on a landlord to hire security guards. Using prior similar incidents are not the only factor determining foreseeability.
The foreseeability of an injury is also determined by the circumstances surrounding the injury and its occurrence, such as the nature, condition, and location of the premises.
Understand the regulation controlling the construction of residential and commercial properties in CA
Construction of California residential and commercial building is regulated through BUILDING CODES.
The STATE HOUSING LAW outlines the construction requirements and standards for all buildings in California. The housing law dictates the construction and occupancy of dwellings, including: single-family residences, apartments, hotels, and motels.
The DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (HCD) is responsible for adopting administrative regulations carrying out the provisions of the Housing Law known as CALIFORNIA BUILDING STANDARDS CODE.
Local governments can amend building codes to meet the particular needs of its community and region. Though amended, local building codes need to comply with state regulations. Local Building codes are enforced by Building Inspectors.
Be conversant in basic construction and architectural concepts
The placement of a house upon the lot is referred to as its orientation. The floor plan of a house refers to how its internal space is arranged and allocated.
There are numerous architectural styles found in California. The different architectural Styles include:
- Colonial Cape Cod-shutters,wood siding, shingle roof
- Dutch Colonial- a gambrel roof and Dormer windows, like a barn
- Victorian-ornate wood external decor, high ceilings
- Townhouse-shares a common wall with neighbor
- English Tutor-with Timber Framing and a steep Gable, standard house shape
- French provincial- with a hip roof and brick exterior
- Spanish-light colored stucco and orange tile roof
- Ranch-single story/wood-masonry exterior, garage
- Contemporary-open floor plan,minimal ornamentation
The following are types of roofs found on homes:
- Single Dormer - our Fairbanks house
- Shed Dormer or dust pan - long dormer
- Gambrel - barn shape
- Gable - traditional house shape
- Mansard - like a box with an X on lid-top
- Hip
- Pyramid
- Flat
Discuss how to market energy efficient property
The California Home Energy Rating System (HERS) program codified a uniform rating scheme for the schematic delivery of Home energy ratings to homeowners. The rating represents the level of energy consumed, produced and delivered to the home. The lower the Time Dependent Value (TDV) energy score the better for a home. A seller and their agent might use the low TDV energy score to market the property to budget-conscious buyers.
building inspectors
BUILDING INSPECTORS are individuals employed by municipalities to ensure properties comply with local building codes, ordinances, zoning regulations and contract specifications. Building codes are enforced by building inspectors at the local level.
contractor
A CONTRACTOR is anyone who constructs, alters, repairs, improves, or demolishes at building, road, development, or improvement project. A contractor is to be licensed by the California Department of Consumer Affairs Contractors State Licensing Board. They also need to post a bond or cash deposit. Contracting without a license is a misdemeanor unless exempt from licensing requirements.
Exemptions from the contractors licensing law include:
- any work performed for less than $500
- any work performed by the owner of the property
- any work performed by a public utility
- oil and gas operations
- work performed for agricultural purposes
There are three types of contractor licenses:
- General engineering - irrigation and drainage, flood control, streets, roads and bridges
- General Building - construction of any structure designed for occupation by people, animals or personal property
- specialty - focuses on one particular trade, like servicing fire extinguisher systems, laying carpet, preparing roadway construction zones.
A contractor may hold all three types of licenses concurrently. A contractor’s license may be revoked if:
- violate safety or regulations
- breach the contract
- fail to follow specification of plans
- abandon an incomplete project
- divert funds received for the completion of project
radon gas
RADON GAS is a naturally occurring gas which accumulates in confined areas at ground level and proposes a health risk to occupants. Radon gas is a naturally occurring gas resulting from the erosion of uranium in soil.
rafters
RAFTERS are wood beams on which sheathing is placed. Together these form the shape of a roof.
SHEATHING, made of plywood or a wood product called Oriented Strand Board OSB, is placed on top of the rafters, which serves as a base for the finishing material.
The FINISHING MATERIAL, such as composition roofing, shingle wood shakes weight or tile is layered over the rafters and sheathing, forming the roof.
Where the rafters rise to meet the Ridge board at the apex of the roof is known as the RIDGE.
Sheet metal called FLASHING is placed around the openings in the roof for Vents and chimneys.
A flat roof is covered with a protective layer traditionally and commonly known as the traditional BUILT UP HOT MOP ROOF. An alternative use method for finishing a roof is called the TORCH DOWN ROOFING where rolls of rubberized asphalt are heated with a blowtorch to bind it to the surface of the roof.
Understand the function of public controls to guide the uniform growth of municipality
PUBLIC CONTROLS are state laws, zoning, building codes and local plans designed to protect property values and control growth.
New construction is built in conformance with public controls. Without public controls, growth becomes erratic. Inconsistent growth creates the potential for societal problems such as:
- poor access to public area
- inadequate streets and parking
- inconsistent architectural design and utility
- poor air quality
- insufficient public services, police and fire protection
Further, governmental controls ensure property values are protected and not undermined by unchecked growth or deterioration.
Public controls are enacted through:
- sate codes and regulations
- zoning ordinances
- local general and master plans
- building codes
Every city and county has a Planning Commission, which is advised by the local agency planning department. The Planning Commission is tasked with reviewing and approving a GENERAL PLAN governing the growth of their municipality.
Identify the government actions necessary to promote growth in the construction and real estate industries
Further, every city and county has a Planning Commission and Department tasked with developing and maintaining the general plan governing the growth of a municipality.
Thus, a region’s construction environment is a product of local zoning regulations. To ensure an efficient use of land, local governments need to loosen urban density and building height restrictions.
To accomplish these goals efficiently, cities need to implement zoning that allows greater height for buildings and higher Urban density. Smarter zoning keeps down the need for new infrastructure to connect newly developed properties on peripheral unsubdivided lands.
Successful zoning ordinances keeps demand for government services at a consistent level. Zoning that facilitates economical projects allows builders to demolish obsolete and inefficient inner-city structures. These obsolete structures are replaced with high-density housing on existing blocks and parcels within city centers. Thus, the need to extend infrastructure - roads and utilities - is avoided.
general plan
A GENERAL PLAN is development policies for acceptable land uses within a jurisdiction. Every city and county has a PLANNING COMMISSION, which is advised by the LOCAL AGENCY PLANNING DEPARTMENT.
LOCAL AGENCY PLANNING DEPARTMENT advises the
PLANNING COMMISSION that maintains/approves the
GENERAL PLAN which is implemented by using
SUBDIVISION ORDINANCES
The Planning Commission is tasked with reviewing and approving a general plan governing the growth of their municipality. A general plan sets for the acceptable land uses within a jurisdiction, including a statement of development policies on :
- land use
- circulation pattern
- Housing
- conservation
- open space
- noise
- safety
The Planning Commission maintains the general plan by making recommendations on:
- zoning proposal
- subdivision regulation
- use permits
- variances
- other development permits related to General plan goals and policies
Subdivision ordinances are the primary method of implementing the general plan.
***The Subdivision Map Act establishes the conditions for approval of a subdivision map. The Act also provides the planning commission the authority to regulate the design and physical improvements installed in a Common Interest Development.
Further, the Subdivided Lands Act authorizes the Real Estate Commissioner to administer the Subdivided Lands Law. The Subdivided Lands Law protects buyers from misrepresentation or fraud in the initial sale of a subdivided property of 160 acres or less.
granny flat
A GRANNY FLAT is a separate, self-contained additional dwelling on a property zoned to accommodate only one unit. The state legislature has already established a pattern of increasing density. It has accomplished this by adding low-income units to the permitted use, including authorization to construct granny flats, also called Casitas for single-family residences everywhere.
public controls
All new construction conforms with PUBLIC CONTROLS designed to regulate growth and protect property values. PUBLIC CONTROLS come in the form of state laws, zoning regulations, local and general Master plans, and building codes.
