constructing reaserch paper Flashcards
design order of paper
Title
* Author List
* Abstract (150-200)
* Introduction
* Justification-History – Purpose- Hypothesis
* Methodology (and materials)
* Results
* Discussion
* Conclusions
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title includes
Independent Variable
* Dependent Variable
* Population of Interest
“The effect of concurrent loading on bone density in older adults.”
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Introduction what do you intruduce
what about for qulative papers
why
topic
What is being discussed
* Why is it a concern
* Build a case based on what we currently know (establish a
foundational framework)
* Vast majority of your literature search will go into developing a sound
introduction and creating a rational based on published science.
* In qualitative papers they will often state their theoretical framework here, and
world view
what do we need in the intro what not to use
(citations most in the introduction!)
* In science we do not use the appeal to authority, or our own opinion
to build the research case. We build it on the “foundational” research
work of others. Peer reviewed, sources… When you state a fact cite the
person who discovered / described it first
he introduction should answer these questions
what we
how we
what is
how will
2 other things
What are we looking at / investigating? Why?
* What we know currently?
* How we know it?
* What are the limitation to that knowledge?
* What is the knowledge gap?
* How will our research address this knowledge gap?
* Final thoughts
* State our hypothesis
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Methodology is what
Study design (RCT, Case-study, Cross sectional, Longitudinal….)
* Defines what type of questions this study can address or
attempt to answer.
Methodology whats somthing important
Operational definitions for independent and dependent variables
The definition of how you are defining a variable in context!
* Defining what are you measuring exactly: what is it, when is it measured, how is it
measured, what is the unit of measure.
* Body composition is…
* Ratio of adipose tissue in Kg to muscular/skeletal tissue in Kg. Expressed as a percent, and
measured by DEXA (15 site skinfold measurement, bod-pod, …)
* Intense effort is…
* Cycling at 10 Watts above MLSS- which was determined in a previous cycle ergometer test
and defined as the watts power recorded during cycling while maintain a blood lactate or 4
mmol …
* Units of measurement (quantification), expression=Kg, lbs, Watts, Joules, Kcals..
* When measurement occurs, before, after, time of day.
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Materials and Methodology
Materials and instruments you will use (electronically braked
ergometer by Velotron – Garmin – Wahoo… version, software…)
* Tests (measurements) you will use (Sum of 15 skinfolds, MLSS,
standing jump, sit and reach…) measured in cm , mm , mmol
* Continuous or discreate variables
* How: did you recruit / collect your subjects (sample them)?
* how did you collect your samples (what tissue, muscle….)
* Who are your participants, what population do they
represent?
* How did you recruit them?
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More methodology questions
How will you collect and process the data
* What statistical tests will you run, how will you measure change
* What is the critical measure-value, why did you choose it
* Controls for bias and confounding variability
* Diet, exercise, sleep, randomization, etc.
* What groups completed the ethical review of the study, and
provided their approval
* Explicitly define your study so anyone can replicate it by reading
the documentation (appendix)
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Results
what cant youy do
what did you recorde in your study
no interpretation of data
Discussion
What happened in your study? now it is time to explain.
* Did you see a change in the DV, why, which direction did it go.
* Did this agree with your expectations? Why/not?
* What did you learn in the study about the study / DV?
* Were there any unforeseen limitations, restriction, biases,
confounding variables that cropped up during testing?
* What could you do better?
* Where is the research headed?
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Abstract
çwhen written
how many words
Written last, once everything is done….
* Word limited to between 150-300 words
* Condense and summarize research into a brief description
* Very limited in size and scope, so only most important measures
or outcomes are discussed
* Seldom ever references outside work or supporting outside
documentation so does not included citations (YEMV)
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reading order
Abstract
* Methodology
* Results
* Introduction
* Discussion
* Conclusion 22
another word for obeservational quantitatiove
epidemological
types of expermantal
