Constitutional monarchy; Reforming france Flashcards
dissolution of guilds
- 1791; March. 2
- Guilds: worker’s association that controlled certain industries
Abolished by Le Chapelier law
When was the creation of Paris Sections
- 1790; May. 2
civil constitution of the clergy (6)
- 1790; July 12th
Adapted the Catholic Church to framework that local government
Involved;
- Each department formed one diocese
- Only the role of bishops and priests existed
- bishops and priest had to be elected via ballot
- bishops had to be approved by state
When was the guillotine used for all public executions
- 1792; March
‘flight to Varennes’ (4)
- 1791; June 20th
- Louis XVI tries to flee to Austria by disguising as Bourgeois
- He is caught at Varennes and dragged back
to completely silence - Everyone felt betrayed and turned their backs
When was the reorganisation of the Judiciary?
- 1790; August 16th
Le Chapier law?
- 1791; June 14th
Banned guilds
Declared strikes unlawful
When was the final abolition of feudalism in France
- 1793; July 17th
When was the new decree against refractory priests?
- 1792; May 27th
- if they didn’t take the oath then they were deported
When did Louis XVI accept the constitution law?
- September 13th; 1791
When was the decree against emigres?
- 1791; Nov.9
How many new divisions were there by 1790
- 83
What is a commune
- smallest administrative unit in France
What were the National Constitution’s goals for a reformed France?
system that is;
- Decentralised
- representative
- treated people equally and with dignity
Who were Laboureurs?
- Upper level peasantry that owner a plough
- hired labour to work on their land
Who was an active citizen and what was the population in France?
- aged 25+
- paid at least 3 days tax
- enabled them to vote
- could choose electors
- 4.3 million men (just over 15%)
What is the ‘Bien nationaux’
- nationalisation of church land; November 2nd, 1789
Who were electors?
- paid around 10 days worth of tax
- nominated deputies, judges and governing bodies
- airing 50,000 of the population
How many districts were in France by 1790
- 547
How many sections was Paris split into?
- 48
What factors were abolish as a result of reforming taxation?
- Indirect taxes; Aides, Gabelle
- State monopoly on tobacco
- old direct taxes; Taille, Vingitiemes, capitation, tax farming
What is state monopoly
- where state has total control of what industries did
- could set whatever prices they wanted for their products and services
What new direct taxes came into establishment and when?
- Jan 1791
- Fonciere
- Mobiliere
- Pantente
What was the contribution Fonciere?
- New land tax; no exemptions and privileges
What was the ‘patente’?
- Tax on commercial profits
Was was the contribution Mobiliere?
- Tax on movable goods
Eg grain
What was the result of abolition of state monopoly
- Laissez-faire
- no interference in economic matters; trade free from state influence
What was picketing?
- strikers trying to persuade other workers to join the strike
What was the penal code?
- list of French laws and punishments for breaking those laws
What were annates?
- payments by the church to the Pope
What was a parlementaire?
- judge that had ruling position over one of the 13 parlements
Who was Comte de Mirabeau?
- Nobleman that represented the 3rd estate in 1789 Estates-General
- Exposed (through letters) for working secretly with the King to support Royal interests
Who was Jacques Pierre Brissot?
- Leading figure of Girondin
- Wanted to spread revolution globally
- Called for war with French neighbours as a result
Who were refactoring priests?
- Refused to take oath of loyalty and constitution
- supported by Pope, other monarchs and the King
- part of the counter-revolutionaries
What was the Martial law?
- suspension of civil liberties in order to restore public order
Who were counter revolutionaries supported by?
- King
- Pope
- other monarchs
Who were the Montagnards
- sit on the highest benches in the National constitution
- William Ropespeare as leader
Who were the Sans Coulottes
- everyday workers (peasants)
- involved in journees
- laws affected them the most
When was nationalisation of church property?
- 1789; Nov. 2
Oath of loyalty in the church
- Those in favour of Civil Constitution took the oath
- 7 bishops and 55% of the clergy took it in France
- pope condemned it; led to many withdrawing the oath
- those who didn’t take the oath were; non-juring church of refractory priests
What were the people’s reaction to the Civil constitution of the Clergy
- felt NC was trying to affect their beliefs when they deported bishops
- saw it as desacralisation of the church and beliefs
Significance of ‘Flight to Varennes’
- King announced a declaration, publicly renouncing the Revolution
- Support for a Republic started to grow
- led to 30,000 people supporting the dismissal of the King in petition of the cordelier office
Result of the flight to Varennes
- 16th July King is suspended
- 290 abstained in the vote to suspend: many wanted him dethroned
- many states to support the Cordeliers and some Jacobins joined
- Most of the Jacobins separated to form Feuillants
When did Louis accept the constitution
Sept 1791
What did the assembly look like at 1791
Jacobins: 136
Le Marais: 354
Feuillants: 264
Cordeliers club
Made by bourgeois
Included;
Danton
Herbert
Marat
Very populous; support from the people
