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BPK 305 > Constituents of blood > Flashcards

Constituents of blood Flashcards

1
Q

average blood volume

A

5L

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2
Q

Serum or blood plasma

A

60%

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3
Q

rbc or erythrocytes (the hematocrit)

A

40%

can be higher or lower depending on health and where you live

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4
Q

wbc or leukocytes

A

< 5%

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5
Q

platelets or thrombocytes

A

< 1%

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6
Q

hematocrit equation

A

height of RBCs/total height

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7
Q

buffy coat

A

wbcs and platelets

will have thicker buffy coat if you are sick (increased wbc)

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8
Q

percent of water in plasma

A

92% weight/volume

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9
Q

what are the electrolytes in plasma

A

sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium
H+
HCO3-

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10
Q

concentration of sodium in plasma

A

145 mM

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11
Q

concentration of potassium in plasma

A

4-5 mM

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12
Q

concentration of calcium in plasma

A

2-2.5 mM

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13
Q

concentration of magnesium in plasma

A

1.5 mM

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14
Q

concentration of H+ in plasma

A

pH 7.35-7.45

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15
Q

concentration on HCO3- in plasma

A

24 mM

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16
Q

what proteins are present in plasma

A

albumin
globulin (immune)
fibrinogen (clotting)

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17
Q

what gases are in blood

A

CO2
O2
N2 - imp when changing altitude: ie/ flying and underwater

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18
Q

what nutrients are present in plasma

A

glucose
lipids
cholesterol
vitamins
free fatty acids

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19
Q

concentration of glucose in plasma

A

5 mM

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20
Q

what percent of proteins in plasma

A

7%

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21
Q

concentration of lipids in plasma

A

7.5 mM

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22
Q

concentration of cholesterol in plasma

A

4-7 mM

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23
Q

concentration of vitamins in plasma

A

<0.1 mM

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24
Q

concentration of free fatty acids in plasma

A

0.4-2 mM

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25
Q

what wastes are present in plasma

A

urea
creatine
uric acid
bilirubin

26
Q

lifespan of leukocytes

A

75 percent produced

hours-days

27
Q

lifespan of erythrocytes

A

20-25% cells produced

90-120 days (3-4 months)

28
Q

cytokines

A

regulate haematopoiesis ???

29
Q

mast cells

A

produce histamine

some leave the blood and go back to tissues

30
Q

basophil

A

give rise to mast cells

31
Q

monocyte

A

give rise to macrophages

32
Q

red blood cells

A

main role is oxygen transport requiring hemoglobin

33
Q

hb production requires

A

iron, B12, folic acid

34
Q

what is hb made of

A

4 globin subunits

each subunit has a heme group

heme group contains iron to which oxygen binds

has four oxygen molecules

35
Q

hb binding to oxygen

A

co-operative

binding of one oxygen molecule facilitate the binding of another (when one binds it makes it more likely for another iron to bind

36
Q

antigens of rbc surface

A

A & B & Rh

implicated in transfusion and rejection

37
Q

what does the P50 value mean

A

affinity for hemoglobin under certain saturation (subject to change)

defined by partial pressure of oxygen at which hb is 50% saturated

38
Q

what does cooperative binding of O2 produce

A

a sigmoid shape

39
Q

typical value of the pO2 in capillaries of active muscles

A

20 mm Hg

40
Q

typical value of pO2 in alveoli of lungs

A

100 mm hg

41
Q

rbc hematocrit

A

lower in women than in men

higher at altitude (low O2 increases this - adapts to the environment)

higher in athletes

42
Q

what is the rbc hematocrit regulated by

A

oxygen via EPO

nutritional status

menstruation/hemorrhage

hormones

vitamin B12 complex

folic acid

43
Q

types of anemia

A

hypochromic

megaloblastic

hemolytic

aplastic

44
Q

anemia

A

insufficient Hb

45
Q

hypochromic

A

low Hb in rbcs, Fe difficiency

46
Q

megaloblastic

A

pernicious and non-pernicious

47
Q

hemolytic

A

fragile rbcs

48
Q

aplastic

A

low rbc production

49
Q

hyperbilirubinanemia

A

causes jaundice (yellowing of skin)

can be because of brain damage or teeth problems

reversed by urinary excretion

50
Q

haematopoiesis

A

blood cells becoming something

51
Q

how are platelets kept soluble

A

by prostacyclin which causes vasodilation

52
Q

what is the clotting cascade consist of

A

factor 1-X111
prothrombin
thrombin
fibrinogen
fibrin

53
Q

what does exposed collagen fo in a damaged platelet

A

binds and activates platelets

prostacyclin production is reduced

54
Q

what is the signaling molecule in a damaged platelet

A

seratonin (5-HT), ATP, thromboxane A2

55
Q

types of PMNs

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

56
Q

neurophils

A

make up 50-70 percent of WBCs

neutralize foreign substances

57
Q

eosinophils

A

not quite phagocytes

destroy invading parasites and cells

58
Q

basophils

A

bad in allergies

form Mast cells, release histamine, mediate allergic response and inflammation

59
Q

monocytes

A

differentiate into macrophages

big eaters (ingest invaders)

antigen presentation

aphrosis -chew up fat

60
Q

lymphocytes

A

b cells

t cells

natural killer cells

adapting immune responses

BPK 305 (5 decks)

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