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pharmacology module III exam II > constipation and IBS > Flashcards

constipation and IBS Flashcards

1
Q

stool softeners

A

docusate sodium

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2
Q

docusate sodium MOA

A

lowers the surface tension at the oil-water interface of the feces, allowing water and lipids to penetrate the stool – this helps hydrate and soften the fecal material, facilitating natural defecation

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3
Q

docusate sodium side effects

A

throat irritation

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4
Q

docusate sodium indications

A

NO MAJOR INTERACTIONS

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5
Q

bulking laxatives

A

methycellulose
psyllium husk powder
wheat dextrin
calcium polycarbophil

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6
Q

bulking laxatives MOA

A

absorb and retain water in the intestine thus increasing the mass of stool – promotes peristalsis through distention of intestinal lumen

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7
Q

bulking laxatives side effects

A

bloating, flatulence, GI distress

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8
Q

some bulking laxatives contain

A

phenylalanine

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9
Q

bulking laxatives education

A

must take with 8oz of fluid
can be a choking hazard

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10
Q

bulking laxatives interactions

A

NO MAJOR INTERACTIONS

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11
Q

osmotic laxatives

A

saline
lactulose
polyethylene glycol
glycerin

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12
Q

saline laxatives

A

magnesium oxide (milk of magnesium)
sodium phosphate (FLEETS)

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13
Q

saline laxatives MOA

A

retain water in the intestine thus increasing intraluminal and promotion of peristalsis

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14
Q

saline laxatives side effects

A

bloating, abdominal pain, aphthous stomatitis, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia

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15
Q

saline laxatives interactions

A

ARBs/ACEs, antacids, diuretics, NSAIDs, TCAs, sucralfate

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16
Q

lactulose MOA

A

disaccharide that promotes fluid retention in intestine thus increasing intraluminal pressure and promoting peristalsis

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17
Q

lactulose colonic microbiota converts

A

sugars into lactic and aecitic acids

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18
Q

lactulose may cause

A

electrolyte imbalances

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19
Q

lactulose side effects

A

dehydration, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, bloating, nausea, abdominal cramping, diarrhea

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20
Q

lactulose interactions

A

glutamine

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21
Q

polyethylene glycol

A

not absorbed - excreted fecally

22
Q

polyethylene glycol may cause

A

electrolyte imbalances

23
Q

polyethylene glycol side effects

A

diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea

24
Q

polyethylene glycol interactions

25
glycerin suppositories can cause
rectal burning abdominal cramping, bloating, diarrhea, irritation, tenesmus
26
glycerin suppositories interactions
NO MAJOR INTERACTIONS
27
stimulant laxatives
biscodyl, sennosides
28
stimulant laxatives MOA
alter fluid excretion by acting directly on the cells of the intestinal mucosa – increase motility by acting on cells
29
stimulant laxatives side effects
abdominal pain, protein losing enteropathy, diarrhea, and hypokalemia
30
stimulant laxatives interactions
antacids, PEG
31
opioid antagonists
naloxegol methylnaltrexone
32
naloxegol MOA
Mu opioid receptor antagonist – bound to polyethylene glycol to prevent crossing BBB – blocks the effects of opioids on GI tract thus decreasing constipation
33
naloxegol absorption/metabolism
rapid - CYP3A4
34
naloxegol education
take with food to increase absorption
35
naloxegol may cause
GI perforation rarely
36
naloxegol side effects
abdominal pain, HA, diarrhea, nausea
37
naloxegol interactions
CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors, grapefruit juice, st johns wart
38
methylnaltrexone MOA
derivative of naltrexone
39
methylnaltrexone education
take with food to increase absorption
40
methylnaltrexone side effects
abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, diarrhea, muscle spasm, tremor, hot flashes
41
methylnaltrexone interactions
other opioid antagonists
42
IBS constipation meds
lubiprostone linaclotide
43
lubiprostone MOA
activates chloride channels and increases fluid secretion by the cells in the intestinal membrane – also counteracts the antisecretory effects of opioids
44
lubiprostone metabolsim
in the stomach and jejunum
45
lubiprostone education
take with food to decrease nausea
46
lubiprostone side effects
HA, nausea, diarrhea, edema, chest pain
47
lubiprostone interactions
levomethadone and methadone
48
linaclotide MOA
acts on guanylate cyclase on the epithelium of the intestine increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate – stimulates chloride and bicarb secretion and intraluminal pressure – promotes peristalsis – cGMP is thought to decrease visceral pain
49
linaclotide education
take at least 30 min before breakfast
50
linaclotide side effects
HA, diarrhea, fatigue, abdominal pain
51
linaclotide interactions
NO MAJOR INTERACTIONS
52
linaclotide metabolism
GI tract

pharmacology module III exam II (6 decks)

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