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Pharm 1 > constipation and diarrhea > Flashcards

constipation and diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

“methylcellulose (Citrucel®)
polycarbophil (FiberCon®)
psyllium (Metamucil®)
Wheat dextrin (Benefiber®)”

A

“Bulk-Forming ““Laxatives””

AKA Fiber”

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2
Q

“Bulk-Forming ““Laxatives””
AKA Fiber”
can improve ___ and ___

A

glucose, LDLs

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3
Q

AEs: Bloating, flatus, distention, abdominal cramping (especially in those with slow transit constipation). Colonbacteria growth can be increased. POSSIBLE impaction (particularly if a stricture in intestines)

A

“Bulk-Forming ““Laxatives””

AKA Fiber”

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4
Q

pt education for “Bulk-Forming ““Laxatives””

AKA Fiber”

A

MUST increase fluid intake when using fiber (otherwise things might get clogged). 240 mL water/fluid (9 ounces) WITH the fiber. Separate drugs > 2 hrs

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5
Q 
"Lactulose (Enulose®) Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax®, GlycoLax®) with electrolytes (GoLYTELY®) (PEG)
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia®) and magnesium citrate"
A

Osmotics

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6
Q

MOA: Non-absorbable salts. Increase and retainwater in theintestines byosmosis

A

osmotics

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7
Q

contras for osmotics

A

“Enulose: pt w/ an ileus

mag citrate: renal failure; caution in renal insuffiency”

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8
Q

Docusate sodium (Colace®,Sof-Lax®), Mineral oil (oral or rectal), glycerin suppositories

A

Lubricants (stool softener)

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9
Q

MOA: Promote penetration of water & lipids to coat the stool  stool softening. Lubricate intestinal tract

A

Lubricants (stool softener)

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10
Q

“Senna (sennosides, Senokot®, Ex-Lax®) - oral tablets/pills/syrup
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®) – oral, rectal suppository”

A

Stimulant laxatives

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11
Q

MOA:Direct stimulation of the enteric nervous system to increase peristaltic activity. Motility & colonic electrolyte and fluid secretion

A

Stimulant laxatives

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12
Q

contra for senna

A

pregnancy

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13
Q

AE of senna

A

gasping syndrome in babies if in large amounts

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14
Q

pt education for stimulant laxes

A

Take at night for bowel movement in AM. PRN only- these are NOT for daily use. “Laxative bowel”

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15
Q

Fleet’s enema: saline or Na phosphate

A

saline agents

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16
Q

Caution: can cause elecgrolyte abnormalities in elderly

A

Fleet’s enema: saline or Na phosphate

17
Q

“Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
Linaclotide (Linzess)
Plecanatide (Trulance)”

A

Intestinal secretagogues

18
Q

“Methylnaltrexone Bromide (Relistor)
Naloxegol (Movantik)
Naldemedine (Symproic)”

A

Peripheral acting µ-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs)

19
Q

do PAMORAs affect central opioid anagesic affect

A

no

20
Q

Methylcellulose (Citrucel®), calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon®), psyllium (Metamucil®)

A

Adsorbents and bulk agents

21
Q

contras for Adsorbents and bulk agents

A

Do not use if patient is dehydrated or fluid restricted

22
Q

pt education for Adsorbents and bulk agents

A

Administer with a full glass of water

23
Q

safest anti-diarrheals for long term use

A

Adsorbents and bulk agents

24
Q

Loperamide (Imodium A-D®) - OTC, Diphenoxylate (Lomotil®) - Rx

A

Anti-peristaltic (antimotility) agents

25
Q

contra for Anti-peristaltic (antimotility) agents

A

C diff

26
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol®, Kaopectate®)

A

Antisecretory agents

27
Q

MOA: Inhibits prostaglandin and Cl secretion in intestine to reduce liquid content of stools (promotes absorption of fluids). Anti-microbial effects. PK: salicylate absorbed systemically

A

Antisecretory agents

28
Q

AEs: Tinnitus, nausea and vomiting. Black stools, darkening of tongue

A

Antisecretory agents

29
Q

contra for Antisecretory agents

A

Caution in patients with salicylate allergy! (aka aspirin)

30
Q

contras for Tegaserod maleate (Zelnorm®)

A

“Severe renal or hepatic impairment

History of MI, stroke, transient ischemic attack, angina”

31
Q

contra for Rifaximin (Xifaxan®)

A

Caution: with severe hepatic failure

32
Q

BBW for Alosetron (Lotronex®)

A

BBW: ischemic colitis

33
Q

Alosetron (Lotronex®)

in which gender only

A

F

34
Q

contra/pt education for Eluxadoline (Viberzi®)

A

> 3 alcoholic beverages/day due to pancreatitis risk

Pharm 1 (17 decks)

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