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Constipation/Diarrhea > Constipation > Flashcards

Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

Bulk-forming

A

Methylcellulose (Citrucel®)
Calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon®, Fiber-Lax®)
Psyllium (Metamucil®)

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2
Q

hyperosmotic agents

A 
Polyethylene glycol (MiraLax®, GlycoLax®)
Glycerin
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3
Q

Emollient agent

A

Docusate (Colace®, Stool Softener®, Dulcolax Stool Softener®)

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4
Q

Lubricating agent

A

mineral oil

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5
Q

saline laxative agent

A 
Magnesium citrate (Citroma®)
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia®)
Magnesium sulfate (Epsom Salt®)
Mono/di-basic sodium (Fleet Enema®)
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6
Q

stimulating agent

A

Senna (Ex-Lax®, Senokot®)
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax®, Bisacodyl Laxative®)
Castor oil

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7
Q

Combination product

A

docusate and senna

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8
Q

Methylcellulose

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

Bulk forming agent

Caplet 500 mg
Powder 2 mg/tbsp

2 caplets up to 6 times daily
1 rounded tbsp up to TID

12 - 24 hours
up to 72 hours

Good choice if no immediate effect is needed
MUST take with adequate fluid—8 oz per dose
Can swell in the esophagus and could cause choking. Elderly pt may not be candidate if they cannot swallow easily
Side effects: abdominal cramping and flatulence

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9
Q

Calcium polycarbophil

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

Bulk forming agent

caplet 625 mg

2 cap daily
up to QID

12 - 24 hours
up to 72 hours

Good choice if no immediate effect is needed
MUST take with adequate fluid—8 oz per dose
Can swell in the esophagus and could cause choking. Elderly pt may not be candidate if they cannot swallow easily
Side effects: abdominal cramping and flatulence

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10
Q

psyllium

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

bulk forming agent

Capsule 0.52 g
Powder 3.4 g per scoop or packet

5 capsules w/8 oz of liquid up to TID
1 rounded tbsp in 8 ounces of liquid up to TID

12 - 24 hours
up to 72 hours

Good choice if no immediate effect is needed
MUST take with adequate fluid—8 oz per dose
Can swell in the esophagus and could cause choking. Elderly pt may not be candidate if they cannot swallow easily
Side effects: abdominal cramping and flatulence

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11
Q

polyethylene glycol

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

hyperosmotic agent

Powder 17 gm/capful

17 gm in 4-8 oz liquid daily

12-72 hours
Up to 96 hours

Use measuring devices which come with the medication
Do not use with IBS
Side effects: bloating, abdominal discomfort, cramping, flatulence

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12
Q

glycerin

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

hyperosmotic agent

Rectal solid suppository 2gm
Rectal liquid suppository 5.6 gm/5.5 mL

1 supp.

15 - 30 minutes

side effect: rectal irritation

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13
Q

Docusate sodium

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

emollient agent - stool softener

Capsules 50 mg and 100 mg
Syrup 60 mg/15mL

50-300 mg PO daily in single or divided doses
1-6 tbsp daily in single or divided doses

48 hours
up to 3 - 5 days

Do not take mineral oil with docusate—can increase absorption of mineral oil

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14
Q

Docusate calcium

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

emollient agent - stool softener

250 mg cap

1 capsule PO daily for several days or until BM normal

48 hours
up to 3 - 5 days

Do not take mineral oil with docusate—can increase absorption of mineral oil

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15
Q

Mineral oil

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

lubricating agent

Oral liquid
Oral liquid emulsion (2.5 mL/5 mL)
Rectal liquid enema (118 mL)

For liquid: 1-3 tbsp, max 3 tbsp/24 hours
For emulsion: 6-15 tbsp per day
For enema: 1 bottle as directed

6-8 hours after PO
5-15 minutes after enema

Do not recommend
Do not take within 2 hours of eating
Side effects: possible lipoid pneumonia (risk of inhalation from mineral oil), anal oil leakage

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16
Q

magnesium citrate

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

saline laxative agent - occasional relief of constipation

10 oz liqiud

1/2 - 1 bottle

½-3 hours after PO
2-15 minutes after rectal

Older adults may be at increase risk of electrolyte disturbances
Take with 8 ounces of water to prevent dehydration
Do not use magnesium sulfate!
Side effects: abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, dehydration

17
Q

mono/dibasic sodium phosphate

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

saline laxative agent - occasional relief of constipation

rectal liquid enema

1 bottle

2-15 minutes after rectal

Older adults may be at increase risk of electrolyte disturbances
Take with 8 ounces of water to prevent dehydration
Do not use magnesium sulfate!
Side effects: abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, dehydration

18
Q

magnesium hydroxide

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

saline laxative agent - occasional relief of constipation

Liquid 400 mg/5 mL
Chewable tablet 311 mg/tablet

2-4 tbsp daily single or divided doses
8 tabs once in a 24 hour period

1/2 - 6 hours

Older adults may be at increase risk of electrolyte disturbances
Take with 8 ounces of water to prevent dehydration
Do not use magnesium sulfate!
Side effects: abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, dehydration

19
Q

magnesium sulfate

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

saline laxative agent - occasional relief of constipation

AKA epsom salt

solid dosage form

2 - 6 tsp/day

DO NOT RECOMMEND
Older adults may be at increase risk of electrolyte disturbances
Take with 8 ounces of water to prevent dehydration
Do not use magnesium sulfate!
Side effects: abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, dehydration

20
Q

Senna

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

stimulating agent

Tablet 8.6 mg sennosides
Pills or chocolate pieces 15 mg sennosides

2 tabs PO daily up to 4 tabs PO BID
2 pills or pieces daily or BID

6-10 hours after PO
15-60 minutes after suppository

Side effects: severe cramping, electrolyte and fluid deficiencies, enteric loss of protein, malabsorption, hypokalemia

21
Q

bisacodyl

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

stimulating agent

Tablet 5 mg
Rectal suppository 10 mg

1-3 tablets daily
1 suppository daily

6-10 hours after PO
15-60 minutes after suppository

Do not crush or chew bisacodyl tablets
Side effects: severe cramping, electrolyte and fluid deficiencies, enteric loss of protein, malabsorption, hypokalemia

22
Q

Castor oil

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

stimulating agent

liquid

1 - 4 tbsp PO daily

DO NOT RECOMMEND

23
Q

senna/docusate

Dosage form
Dosage
Onset of action
counseling point

A

Combo product

Tablet 8.6 mg sennosides and docusate sodium 50 mg

2 tabs PO daily up to 4 tabs PO BID

6-10 hours after PO

good for opioid patient

Constipation/Diarrhea (2 decks)

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