Consonants

Question 1

What differentiates consonants from vowels?

Answer 1

Manner of articulation; consonants are produced with varying degrees of constriction of or obstruction in the vocal tract

Question 2

Obstruent

Answer 2

sounds made with complete/narrow constriction of the vocal tract

Question 3

homotypic

Answer 3

two or more sounds that share the same (or similar) manner of articulation

Question 4

sonorants

Answer 4

sounds produced with relative free flow of air; nasals, liquids, glides

Question 5

stop consonants

Answer 5

sounds that are produced with complete closure of the vocal tract

Question 6

stop bursts

Answer 6

brief explosion of air when a stop closure is released

Question 7

fricatives

Answer 7

sound produced with narrow closure of vocal tract through which air escapes with continuous noise

Question 8

strident/sibilant

Answer 8

speech sound with intense frication noise (e.g., /s/ /ʃ/)

Question 9

affricates

Answer 9

speech sound that is a combination of a stop and a fricative (e.g., /t̠ʃ/ /d̠ʒ/)

Question 10

Nasals

Answer 10

speech sound produced with complete oral closure with open velopharynx; voicing through the nose (e.g., /m/ /n/ /ŋ/)

Question 11

Liquids

Answer 11

vowel-like consonants; include lateral /l/ and rhotic /r/

Question 12

what makes liquids vowel-like?

Answer 12

vocal tract constriction during the production of liquids resembles that of vowels

Question 13

How are consonants classified

Answer 13

place, manner, and voice

Question 14

Bilabials

Answer 14

/b, p, m, w (and its reverse)/

Question 15

interdentals

Answer 15

/θ, ð/

Question 16

alveolars

Answer 16

/t, d, s, z, l, n/

Question 17

palatals

Answer 17

/ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, r, j/

Question 18

velars

Answer 18

/k, g. ŋ/

Question 19

glottals

Answer 19

/h, ʔ/

Question 20

Cognates

Answer 20

sounds that have the same/similar manner of articulation but that differ in voicing

Question 21

voiced

Answer 21

involves vocal fold vibration

Question 22

voiceless

Answer 22

no vocal fold vibration

Question 23

voice onset time (VOT)

Answer 23

duration of time between stop closure and beginning of vocal fold vibration for following vowel

Question 24

aspiration

Answer 24

activity of air passing through vocal folds and into the upper cavities

Question 25

when do aspirations occur?

Answer 25

if frication occurs after stop release but before an onset of voicing

Question 26

what is the most important factor in determining whether consonant hears is voiced or voiceless?

Answer 26

the duration of vowel preceding the consonant

Question 27

Prevoiced

Answer 27

produced with vocal fold vibration that begins before the stop is released

Question 28

trill

Answer 28

a pulmonic consonant made with a suprasubglottal vibration