Consonants

Question 1

Place of artic

Answer 1

location in the oral cavity where the sound is formed

Question 2

Places of articulation (examples)

Answer 2

bilabial, labiodental, interdental, lingua alveolar, lingua palatal, velar, glottal

Question 3

Manner of arctic

Answer 3

how the air stream is passed through the oral cavity… refers to the way speech sounds are produced

Question 4

types of manner

Answer 4

stops, fricatives, nasals, liquids, glides, affricates

Question 5

stops

Answer 5

total stoppage of air:
1. oral cavity is completely closed at some point
2. velopharynx is closed.
3. upon release of the stop closure, a burst of noise is usually heard (plosive)
4. opening and closing movements tend to be the fastest movements in speech
p b t d k g

Question 6

variations of stops

Answer 6

flaps: a frequently occuring allophone (Phonetic variant) that occurs during production of /t/ and /d/ in the intervocalic positions occurs in words such as city, ladder, butter, writer, rider, patty

Question 7

Fricatives

Answer 7

friction like noise:
1.the articulators for a narrow contrition in which air is channeled through (not complete stop)
2. a continuous frication noise is heard as air flows through the narrow opening.
3. the velpharynx is closed
f v “th” (voice and unvoiced), s, z, sh, zz, ch, ‘j’, h

Question 8

Nasals

Answer 8

resonating cavity is the entire vocal tract:
1.The oral tract is completely closed just as it is with a stop.
2. the velopharyngeal port is opening so that air will radiate from the nasal cavities
m, n, “jng’

Question 9

liquids

Answer 9

vocal tract is constricted only slightly more than for vowels:
1. sound E is directed through the oral passage that allows for continuous phonation
2. The velopharynx is usually closed
3. the oral passage is narrower than that for vowels but wider than that for stops, fricatives, and nasals
l r

Question 10

Glides

Answer 10

movement from partly constricted tract to more open tract (semivowels):
1. constriction for glides are narrow than for a vowel but wider than for stops and fricatives.
2. The articulators make a gliding motion from a more contricted position to the more open position necessary for production of the following vowel
3. the velopharynx is usually closed
4. Sound energy from the vocal folds passes through the mouth similar to the way vowels are produced
w j (‘y’)

Question 11

Voicing

Answer 11

presence of vocal fold vibration. Det by VOT… if VOT preceds or occurs with in 30 ms after the articulatory event (ie release/stop) the VOT is neg and the sound is perceived as voiced.

Question 12

Voiced

Answer 12

b m w v ‘th’ (as is the), d, z, n, zz, r, j (‘y’), g, ing, Dj (‘j’), l

Question 13

voiceless

Answer 13

p, t, k, f, ‘th’ (as is tooth), s, sh, ch, h

Question 14

cognates

Answer 14

production is the same except for the vibratory pattern (voiced or voiceless)
p/b, t/d, f/v, k/g, th/th, s/z, sh/zz, ch/J

Question 15

Sonorants

Answer 15

sounds produced iwth a relatively open vocal tract: vowels & diphthongs, nasals, liquids, semivowels (glides).

Question 16

Obstruents

Answer 16

Soudns produced iwth a complete or narrow constriction of the vocal tract. Include: stops, fricatives, affricates