Consonants Flashcards
Alveolar
(hard ridge): T = voiceless D = voiced N = voiced (nasal) L = voiced (later sound- air is going around and below your tongue) S = voiceless Z = voiced ɹ (rhotic)= voiced
Bilabial
(two lips): the two lips are closed, before air is released. It gets held up behind the lips - than opens and produces these sounds: P = voiceless B = voiced M = voiced (nasal)
Labiodental
(lip and tooth): the sound is made by your top teeth making contact with your bottom lip: F = voiceless V = voiced
Voiceless
The vocal folds are pulled apart. No vibrations occur.
Voiced
The vocal folds are close together. Air vibrates the vocal folds.
Noises that leave the nose
-n = nap
-m = map
-ŋ = sing
-ɱ = symphony or emphasis
Interdental
(Between teeth):
θ(theta)(think, bath, etherial) = voiceless
ð(eth edh)(This, though, father) = voiced
θ(theta)
Interdental:(Between teeth) (think, bath, etherial) = voiceless
ð(eth edh)
Interdental:(This, though, father) = voiced
Palatoalveolar/Post-alveolar/Alveopalatal(palate and hard ridge)
ʃ (esh) (Shrimp, bash, lashing) = voiceless
ʒ(ezh) (treasure, azure, vision) = voiced
t͡ʃ(ch) (chirp, batch, chump) = voiceless
d͡ʒ(jchu) (badge, jump, fragile) = voiced
ʃ (esh)
Post Alveolar(palate and hard ridge): (Shrimp, bash, lashing) = voiceless
ʒ(ezh)
Post Alveolar( palate and hard ridge): (treasure, azure, vision) = voiced
t͡ʃ(ch)
Post Alveolar(palate and hard ridge): (chirp, batch, chump) = voiceless
d͡ʒ(jchu)
Post Alveolar(palate and hard ridge): (badge, jump, fragile) = voiced
Velar (towards the back of the mouth)
K (kick, call, toucan) = voiceless
G (Gone, grumble, bag) = voiced
ŋ (engma) (running, hitting ink) = voiced
K
Velar( towards the back of the mouth) (kick, call, toucan) = voiceless
G
Velar (towards the back): (Gone, grumble, bag) = voiced
ŋ
Velar (towards the back): ŋ (engma) (running, hitting ink) = voiced
Glottal (between vocal folds):
ʔ (Uh-oh, button(for some)) = Stops the air at the vocal cords before releasing
H (happy, aha, uh-huh) = voiceless
ʔ
Glottal (between vocal folds): (Uh-oh, button(for some) = Stops the air at the vocal cords before releasing
H
Glottal (between vocal folds): (happy, aha, uh-huh) = voiceless
Fricative
Airflow is continuous and turbulent. You can ‘hold’ these sounds.
English Fricative: f, v, s, z, θ, ð, ʃ, ʒ, h
Stop
Airflow is completely obstructed before release. If air goes through the nasal cavity, we call it nasal stop.
English stops: p, B, t, D, k, g, m, n , ŋ, ʔ
Affricate
A single sound that “begins” as a stop and releases immediately into a Fricative.
English Affricate: t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ
Lateral Liquids
Lateral liquids have air escape through the mouth on the lower sides of the tongue. There is no turbulence: L
Rhotic Liquids
Rhotic liquids: curls the tongue backwards and bunches the tongue upward towards the back of the mouth: ɹ
Glides
Glides or semivowels, are consonants that are rapidly articulated and virtually identical to a vowel.
-Voiced labiovelar glide, W - watch, uwu, whimper, one (rounding)
-Voiced palatal glide, j - yes, yearn, yam, (j)use val-ue <- noise between l and u
