CONSONANTS Flashcards

1
Q

CONSONANTS

A

sounds produced with partial or total obstruction of the vocal tract; general, consonants can’t form a syllable on their own; these are described in terms of voicing, airstream mechanism, place f articulation and manner of articulation.

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2
Q

PLACES OF ARTICULATION

A

the place where the airflow is obstructed: bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, post-alveolar, retroflex, velar, palatal, uvular, pharyngeal, glottal.

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3
Q

MANNER OF ARTICULATION

A

how the airflow is obstructed: plosive, nasal, trills, tap/flap, fricative, lateral fricative, approximant, lateral approximant.

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4
Q

SONORANTS

A

Produced with non-turbulent airflow. Vowels, approximants, laterals, rhotics, nasals, taps/flaps, trills

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5
Q

OBSTRUENTS

A

Turbulent airflow: Fricatives, stops

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6
Q

LIQUIDS

A

laterals and rhotics

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7
Q

CONTINUANTS

A

a sound that can keep going

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8
Q

APPROXIMANT

A

continuant without turbulent airflow

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9
Q

GLIDES/SEMI-VOWELS

A

non-lateral approximants

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10
Q

AIRSTREAM MECHANISMS

A

The different ways of the air going in and out that are used in speaking are referred to as ‘airstream mechanisms’; egressive airstream, ingressive airstream

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11
Q

EGRESSIVE AIRSTREAM (PULMONIC)

A

Air going out: egressive airstream

Very common

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12
Q

INGRESSIVE AIRSTREAM (PULMONIC)

A

Speaking with air going in: ingressive airstream
Gasping
Phrase-final agreement in Scotland, Ireland, Scandinavia

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13
Q

NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS

A

Consonants produced with airstream mechanisms other than pulmonic ones

  • Ingressive velaric (clicks)
  • Egressive glottalic (ejectives)
  • Ingressive glottalic (implosives)
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14
Q

SECONDARY ARTICULATION

A

Multiple articulation where one constriction is more open than another; The most open one = secondary articulation

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15
Q

DOUBLE ARTICULATIONS

A

Simultaneous articulation of equal constrictions

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16
Q

AFFRICATES

A

Begin as a stop, end as a fricative