CONSONANTS Flashcards
CONSONANTS
sounds produced with partial or total obstruction of the vocal tract; general, consonants can’t form a syllable on their own; these are described in terms of voicing, airstream mechanism, place f articulation and manner of articulation.
PLACES OF ARTICULATION
the place where the airflow is obstructed: bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, post-alveolar, retroflex, velar, palatal, uvular, pharyngeal, glottal.
MANNER OF ARTICULATION
how the airflow is obstructed: plosive, nasal, trills, tap/flap, fricative, lateral fricative, approximant, lateral approximant.
SONORANTS
Produced with non-turbulent airflow. Vowels, approximants, laterals, rhotics, nasals, taps/flaps, trills
OBSTRUENTS
Turbulent airflow: Fricatives, stops
LIQUIDS
laterals and rhotics
CONTINUANTS
a sound that can keep going
APPROXIMANT
continuant without turbulent airflow
GLIDES/SEMI-VOWELS
non-lateral approximants
AIRSTREAM MECHANISMS
The different ways of the air going in and out that are used in speaking are referred to as ‘airstream mechanisms’; egressive airstream, ingressive airstream
EGRESSIVE AIRSTREAM (PULMONIC)
Air going out: egressive airstream
Very common
INGRESSIVE AIRSTREAM (PULMONIC)
Speaking with air going in: ingressive airstream
Gasping
Phrase-final agreement in Scotland, Ireland, Scandinavia
NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS
Consonants produced with airstream mechanisms other than pulmonic ones
- Ingressive velaric (clicks)
- Egressive glottalic (ejectives)
- Ingressive glottalic (implosives)
SECONDARY ARTICULATION
Multiple articulation where one constriction is more open than another; The most open one = secondary articulation
DOUBLE ARTICULATIONS
Simultaneous articulation of equal constrictions
