Consolidation of Power Flashcards
Name 3 early actions which consolidated Henry’s power.
Backdated his reign to 21st August 1485 (day before Bosworth).
Gave 11 knighthoods.
Key appointments to council and household (Reginald Bray made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster)
How did Henry deal with the Lovell Rebellion?
Humphrey Stafford was executed but Thomas Stafford was pardoned- demonstrating merciful and ruthless character.
How did Henry deal with Simnel Rebellion?
Real Earl of Warwick was paraded around London.
He put together an organised army (15,000) led by Oxford and dealt with the rebellion which put an end to the Wars of the Roses.
He dealt with this crisis with shrewdness and hard work, yet again proving his personal strengths.
How threatening was the Lovell Rebellion?
Little enthusiasm considering it was a Yorkist rising in the traditional heartlands and it was easily suppressed.
How threatening was the Simnel Rebellion?
Gained the support of the Irish who crowned him King and Margaret of Burgundy who sent money as well as 2000+ German Mercenaries. Seemed a threat but was severely outnumbered.
How did Henry deal with Warbeck?
Invaded Ireland
Treaty of Etaples stopped France from sheltering rebels.
Trade embargo placed on Burgundy.
William Stanley executed.
Truce of Ayton forced Warbeck out of Scotland.
Warbeck and Warwick arrested and executed.
How did Henry improve financial management?
Moving from Exchequer to Chamber system increased revenue from £11,000 to £42,000 due to more direct supervision.
Ordinary revenue raised through crown lands and feudal obligations (£350 in 1487- £6,000 1506)
Extraordinary revenues raised through loans, benevolences, clerical taxes and French pension.
Fifteenths and Tenths were fractional taxes which yielded £203,000.
Give two examples of ‘carrots’.
Patronage- Earl of Oxford became major landowner in East Anglia after support in Bosworth. Reginald Bray helped accumulate land after good service.
Knights of the Garter- 37 titles given (eg. Earl of Oxford, Giles Daubeney and Reginald Bray).
Give two examples of ‘sticks’.
Acts of Attainder- Thomas Howard had land attained after supporting Richard in Bosworth.
Bonds and Recognisances- Marquis of Dorset required to transfer most of his land and give a recognisance of £1,000 as well as finding others to give £10,000 on his behalf. Loyal by 1499.
What were Henry’s foreign policy aims?
Recognition of Tudor Dynasty
Ensuring National Security
Defending Trade Interests
Did Henry defend trade interests?
This particular objective was not Henry’s main concern, with the trade embargo on Burgundy proving that national security took priority over commercial interests. Despite this, once the threat to security was dealt with, Henry was successful in retaining good relations with Burgundy and the HRE (intercursus magnus 1496).
Did Henry ensure national security?
Huge success in France and Brittany: Despite problems, proved his intelligence and courage when raising an army of 12,000 which led to the Treaty of Etaples.
In Spain, Henry dealt with foreign policy well but was unlucky: Despite the good start following the Treaty of Medina Del Campo, unfortunate circumstances led to Henry being left diplomatically isolated.
Did Henry achieve recognition of Tudor Dynasty?
Marriage alliances were an essential part of international diplomacy. Unfortunately for Henry, marriage alliances with foreign powers were limited which was a danger to the dynasty following the death of Elizabeth and his son Arthur. Peace was achieved with Scotland but Henry was left out of the Treaty of Cambrai.
What caused the Yorkshire rebellion?
People in Yorkshire and Northumbria were unhappy with a vote to subsidise a war against Brittany.
How did Henry deal with the Yorkshire rebellion?
Displayed cool leadership following the death of Northumberland- sent Earl of Surrey who crushed the rebellion. No more issues in the north of England due to his more radical approach in that he had the Earl of Northumbria killed AND hung John a Chambre for treason.
