Consolidation

Question 1

What is the role of terminal transferase?

Answer 1

To add N regions during junctional diversification

Question 2

Outline the cluster of differentiation markers

Answer 2

CD19 and CD20 = B cell markers
CD3 = T cell markers
CD4 = T helpers and T regulators
CD8 = T killers
CD14 = monocyte markers

Question 3

What is the role of each isotype of antibodies?

Answer 3

IgE - opsonisation of parasites, binds to mast cells and basophils, eosinophils have receptors for this
IgA - Secreted onto surface of body and in breast milk
IgM - First to be released, activates classical pathway of complement, transferred through placenta
IgG - Activates classical pathway of complement
IgD - ??

Question 4

What proteins are ITAMS found on?

Answer 4

CD3

Question 5

What are the functions of the following:
CD3
CD4
CD8
CD14
CD28
CD46
CD55
CD59
CD80
CD86

Answer 5

CD3 - ITAM-containing -SIGNALS T CELL ACTIVATION AND CYTOKINE RELEASE
CD4 and CD8 - Stabilises TCR-MHC
CD14 - Pattern recognition receptor
CD28 - CD80 AND CD86 receptor
CD46: Membrane co-factor protein (MCP) 
CD55: Decay accelerating factor (DAF)
CD59: Homologous restriction factor-20 (HRF-20) 'protectin'
CD80 & CD86 - are B7.1 and B7.2

Question 6

What is FOXP3?

Answer 6

A protein found intracellularly in T helper cells

Question 7

What proteins are JAKs found on?

Answer 7

Cytokine receptors - activate and dimerise STAT

Question 8

rag-1 and rag-2 function?

Answer 8

Bind randomly to recombination signalling sequences

Question 9

TAP1 and TAP2 function?

Answer 9

carry antigen from lysed intracellular pathogen to the ER

Question 10

Role of Li

Answer 10

blocks MHC II cleft

Question 11

List the possible C3 convertases

Answer 11

• C3bBb
  
  • C4b2a3b
  • C4b2a

Question 12

Where is ITAM found?

Answer 12

immunoglobulin tyrosine kinase associated molecule

Found on CD3 which assists the TCR in signal transduction and is phosphorylated by protein kinases

(also found on the actual TCR and Igα and Igβ)

Question 13

List the pro-inflammatory and the anti-inflammatory cytokines

Answer 13

ILPro-inflammatory:
IL-1
IL-6
IL-17 
TNF-α

Anti-inflammatory:
IL-4
IL-10
IL-11
IL-13
TGF-β

Question 14

Which cytokines contribute to the three-step activation of T cells?

Answer 14

IL-6
IL-12
TGF-β