Conserving Species In The Wild

Question 1

What is in situ conservation?

Answer 1

The process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat

Question 2

What are multiple use zones?

Answer 2

Management of areas around that protected area

Question 3

In 2014 how much terrestrial and in land water areas were covered by protected areas?

Answer 3

20.6 million km2

Question 4

What is the CBD 2010 target for protected areas?

Answer 4

To have 17% of the worlds land area under some sort of protection

This is 2.2 million additional km2

Question 5

Why is just increasing area coverage of protected areas not sufficient?

Answer 5

You need to know how effective the protected area is and what kind of protected area we are looking at

Question 6

How can the effectiveness of protected areas be assessed?

Answer 6

Looking at change over more than 2 decades- this can be done through interviews and a time-series of data

Question 7

What is the criteria for assessing protected areas management effectiveness? (PAME)

Answer 7

Adequacy of law enforcement 
The management plan 
Governance effectiveness 
Threat monitoring 
Securing boundaries

Question 8

Why are protected areas useful tools?

Answer 8

More effective and more secure if you don’t know much about the species

Less costly

Can protect a network of other species

Natural selection and evolution continue

Question 9

What is translocation?

Answer 9

Where we move plants and animals for conservation purposes from one site for release in another site

Question 10

What is translocation success more likely for?

Answer 10

Native non-sensitive species

When habitat quality at the target site is high/increased

Areas in the core of the species range

Better for herbivores vs carnivores

Wild caught than captive

Early breeders with large clutches

Question 11

What are the two types of translocation?

Answer 11

Population restoration

Conservation introduction

Question 12

What is population restoration?

Answer 12

Conservation translocation to within the species indigenous range

Question 13

What are the two types of population restoration?

Describe them

Answer 13

Reinforcement: intentional movement into an existing population

Reintroduction: intentional movement and release inside its indigenous range from which it disappeared

Question 14

What is conservation introduction translocation?

Answer 14

Conservation translocation to outside an organisms indigenous range

Question 15

What are the two types of conservation introduction?

Describe them both

Answer 15

Assisted colonisation: intentional movement and release outside its indigenous range to avoid extinction

Ecological replacement: intentional movement and release outside its indigenous range to perform a specific ecological function

Question 16

What is the pro conservation introduction argument?

Answer 16

Retaining or restoring past community composition is no longer feasible

Question 17

What is the anti conservation introduction argument?

Answer 17

The current understanding of invasions is inadequate to forecast negative consequences associated with species translocations

Question 18

Give an example of when conservation introduction didn’t work

Answer 18

The Nike perch in lake Victoria in the 1950s and 60s

Contributed to the disappearance of nearly 200 endemic species

Also red squirrel in Newfoundland out competing red crossbill

Question 19

What did population viability analysis show was the viable population in golden lion tamarin monkeys?

Answer 19

2000 individuals

Question 20

Give an example of translocation in the UK

Answer 20

The Large Blue butterfly

Reintroduced from Sweden to 3 UK sites in 1983 and 1992

Four later introductions to distant sites

Question 21

What are opportunity costs?

Answer 21

Where we need to compensate the costs of conserving land by giving money to the community, as they could use that land for commercial use