Conserving Species In The Wild Flashcards
What is in situ conservation?
The process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat
What are multiple use zones?
Management of areas around that protected area
In 2014 how much terrestrial and in land water areas were covered by protected areas?
20.6 million km2
What is the CBD 2010 target for protected areas?
To have 17% of the worlds land area under some sort of protection
This is 2.2 million additional km2
Why is just increasing area coverage of protected areas not sufficient?
You need to know how effective the protected area is and what kind of protected area we are looking at
How can the effectiveness of protected areas be assessed?
Looking at change over more than 2 decades- this can be done through interviews and a time-series of data
What is the criteria for assessing protected areas management effectiveness? (PAME)
Adequacy of law enforcement The management plan Governance effectiveness Threat monitoring Securing boundaries
Why are protected areas useful tools?
More effective and more secure if you don’t know much about the species
Less costly
Can protect a network of other species
Natural selection and evolution continue
What is translocation?
Where we move plants and animals for conservation purposes from one site for release in another site
What is translocation success more likely for?
Native non-sensitive species
When habitat quality at the target site is high/increased
Areas in the core of the species range
Better for herbivores vs carnivores
Wild caught than captive
Early breeders with large clutches
What are the two types of translocation?
Population restoration
Conservation introduction
What is population restoration?
Conservation translocation to within the species indigenous range
What are the two types of population restoration?
Describe them
Reinforcement: intentional movement into an existing population
Reintroduction: intentional movement and release inside its indigenous range from which it disappeared
What is conservation introduction translocation?
Conservation translocation to outside an organisms indigenous range
What are the two types of conservation introduction?
Describe them both
Assisted colonisation: intentional movement and release outside its indigenous range to avoid extinction
Ecological replacement: intentional movement and release outside its indigenous range to perform a specific ecological function
What is the pro conservation introduction argument?
Retaining or restoring past community composition is no longer feasible
What is the anti conservation introduction argument?
The current understanding of invasions is inadequate to forecast negative consequences associated with species translocations
Give an example of when conservation introduction didn’t work
The Nike perch in lake Victoria in the 1950s and 60s
Contributed to the disappearance of nearly 200 endemic species
Also red squirrel in Newfoundland out competing red crossbill
What did population viability analysis show was the viable population in golden lion tamarin monkeys?
2000 individuals
Give an example of translocation in the UK
The Large Blue butterfly
Reintroduced from Sweden to 3 UK sites in 1983 and 1992
Four later introductions to distant sites
What are opportunity costs?
Where we need to compensate the costs of conserving land by giving money to the community, as they could use that land for commercial use
