Conservatism: types Flashcards
When did Traditional Conservatism emerge and why?
late 1700s
Response to French Revolution & Enlightenment
Who is the most well-known traditional conservative thinker?
Edmund Burke
What are key principles of Traditional Conservatism?
Organic Society
Gradual Reform
Pragmatism
Tradition
What is the concept of an Organic Society in Traditional Conservatism?
Complex RS between parts of society work together for harmony and functionality
What does Hierarchy mean in Traditional Conservatism?
People are not equal and different jobs require different societal groups
What is the importance of Gradual Reform in Traditional Conservatism?
Change should be gradual
->ensures social cohesion
Sudden/radical change is harmful
What is the role of Pragmatism in Traditional Conservatism?
ideological atttempts to create a perfect society will fail
Practical experience is essential
How does Tradition function in Traditional Conservatism?
Past wisdom- seen in institutions like religion and monarchy
Holds society together
key thinkers associated with Traditional Conservatism?
Edmund Burke
Thomas Hobbes
When did One Nation Conservatism emerge and why?
1800s
Threats to laissez-faire capitalism
Increased industrialisation
Who is considered the founder of One Nation Conservatism?
PM Benjamin Disraeli
What are the main ideas of One Nation Conservatism?
Maintain tradition
Imperialism
Social reform
What is the significance of social reform in One Nation Conservatism?
Offset negative effects of laissez-faire capitalism
Reduce chances of revolution
How do One Nation conservatives view state intervention?
Reject excessive state intervention in personal freedoms
What economic approach have One Nation conservative governments used?
Keynesian economics
-> increase employment
->provide welfare
Who championed the New Right in the 1970s?
Margaret Thatcher
What two elements does the New Right combine?
Neo-liberalism
Neo-conservatism
What are the main ideas of the New Right?
Radical opposition to social and economic intervention
traditional values
reactionary policies
What does Neo-Liberalism advocate for?
Minimal state
Individual freedom
FM economy
What is the role of a Minimal State in Neo-Liberalism?
Avoid economic inefficiency
created by nationalisation and high taxation
What is the importance of Individual Freedom in Neo-Liberalism?
People should be self-sufficient
Not rely on state welfare
Stops dependency
How does Free Market Economics function in Neo-Liberalism?
Meets consumer demand
Creates prosperity
Achieves results without gov intervention
What does Neo-Conservatism advocate for?
Social order
Tradition
Public morality
What is the role of Social Order in Neo-Conservatism?
Strong political leadership
Maintain societal cohesion
How does Tradition contribute to Neo-Conservatism?
Uphold traditional values eg religion
Maintains social discipline
What is the stance on Public Morality in Neo-Conservatism?
Reject alt lifestyles
eg gay marriage
Avoid undermining social cohesion
