Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Political Ideologies > Conservatism > Flashcards

Conservatism Flashcards

1
Q

What is change to conserve?

A

The fundamental principle of conservatism - indicating the belief that for something valuable to be preserved it has to be continuously updated and maintained.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is human imperfection?

A

Referring to the Old Testament doctrine of original sin - refers to the timeless flaws of humanity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is conservatives view on human nature?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Thomas hobbes say was needed to protect people? And why?

A

He argued without a formal authority between human beings relationships between humans woulbe be “envy hatred and war”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Burke believe would help humans be kind and wise?

A

If humans actions were rooted in history, tradition and the teachings of the Christian church. - Hobbes rejected this Idea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What concept of Hobbes’s view on human nature did Burke reject?

A

That humans were naturally individualistic but instead communal, with individuals gaining comfort and support from “Little platoons”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was Thomas Hobbes’s most famous work called?

A

Leviathan (1651)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was Thomas Hobbes’s view on human nature?

A

Sceptical arguing that it was needy and vulnerable therefore Linley to commit destructive acts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Hobbes argue shaped human nature?

A

Desire for the acquisition of goods, an immovable distrust of others and constant fear of violent death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the quote Hobbes used to describe the state of nature?

A

“Solitary,poor, nasty, brutish and short”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Hobbes say natural chaos stemmed from?

A

The absence of a natural authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Hobbes say would allow individuals to enjoy security and progress?

A

A state that is sovereign that can make laws etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did Hobbes say the structure of the state needed to be?

A

The state would have too be autocratic, if power was dispersed then the conflicts within the state would soon be replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is localism?

A

The conservative idea that society is a collection off localised communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did these Little communities provide?

A

These communities provided security, status and inspiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is empiricism?

A

A preference for “evidence” over “theory” and tends to emphasise “what is” over “what should be”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is normative?

A

Denotes how arrangements should be in future - a term conservatives hate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is progressive?

A

Linked to socialism and liberalism denotes the belief that problems invariably have solutions and that the future must always be superior to the past and present - an assumption about which conservatives are sceptical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do conservatives think society should be created?

A

Something that can not be contrived or created but something that emerges gradually and organically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do conservatives believe about change?

A

That change and reform is inevitable - it must be slow not drastic; respectful not contemptuous of the past.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is paternalism?

A

The idea that there should be a “fatherly” ruling class, that makes decisions for the rest, irrespective to what they want.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do conservatives believe in terms of hierarchy?

A

That hierarchy in society is inevitable, even the “Little platoons” have a top down structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the cross overs in Christian and conservative morality?

A

Conservatives believe on traditional families, Christian values.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What did conservatives believe property did in society?

A

They believe that it stabilises society as it is handed down from generation to generation.

25
Q

How do conservative views of the state differ from liberalism and socialism?

A

Liberalism and socialism believe that the state is there to advance individualism and greater equality, whereas conservatives believe that the state is there for an authoritative and disciplinary function.

26
Q

What did Hobbes believe helped liberty be present in society?

A

Order within society, without it there could be no liberty

27
Q

What do states believe is the ideal way for a state to be formed?

A

Through organic origins, a slow and gradual process.

28
Q

What are capitalism’s view on the economy?

A

They support laissez faire capitalism. However, they are sceptical of it as of humans negative nature they believe it brings great risk because of its volatility.

29
Q

What is Thatcherism?

A

Between 1970 and 1990 - thatcher pursued a controversial mixture of neo-liberal policies (privatisation and tax reduction) and neo-conservative policies such as strengthened police powers, immigration curbs and tax breaks for traditional families

30
Q

Example of a traditional conservative thinker?

A

Edmund Burke

31
Q

What event did Edmund Burke support?

A

American revolution.

32
Q

What event did Burke reject?

A

The French Revolution

33
Q

Why did Burke reject the French Revolution?

A

Because he thought their idea of an idealistic society was utopian and unrealistic

34
Q

What is one nation conservatism?

A

Benjamin Disraeli - belief that conservatism should prioritise national unity by attending to the condition of society’s poorest classes

35
Q

What are examples of legislation that coincided with pne nation conservatism?

A

Factory act 1874

36
Q

What are the cross-overs in Christian democracy and conservatism?

A
  • same belief in judaeo-Christian morality as a force for binding society together
  • same belief in authority and hierarchy
  • same commitment to social conservatism.
  • scepticism towards free market economics. Christian democracy thus stresses the “social market” a form of capitalism that draws upon Roman Catholic principles of communal duty
37
Q

What is supranationalism?

A

Refers to state whose authority cuts across national boundaries. The Soviet Union was a clear example; the European Union is said to be a developing example

38
Q

What are conservatives views on supranational bodies?

A

Dislike the concept are they see it as a threat to “one nation”

39
Q

What is Oakeshott’s book called?

A

On being conservative

40
Q

What did Oakeshott believe regarding how society is perceived in other ideologies?

A

He believed that liberalism’s and socialism’s view on how society should be produced impatience, intolerance and frustration.

41
Q

What was Oakeshotts view on human nature?

A

Negative but not as negative as Burkes

42
Q

What sort of approach to life did Oakeshott favour?

A

A pragmatic approach

43
Q

What did Oakeshott believe a state existed for and in what book did he write this?

A

He believed a state existed to “prevent the bad rather than create the good” - the politics of faith and the politics of scepticism

44
Q

What did Nozick say about Oakeshotts ideas?

A

He called them “lazy”

45
Q

What is new right conservatism a mixture of?

A

Neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism

46
Q

What is anti permissive?

A

Policies that seek to reverse much of the social liberalism dating from the 1960s.

47
Q

What strand of conservatism did Ayn rand come from?

A

New right

48
Q

What was Ayn rands novel called?

A

Atlas shrugged

49
Q

What did Atlas shrugged suggest regarding individuals?

A

That individuals’s energy made a society and without it a society would quickly wither

50
Q

What is atomism?

A

Relates to the view that human beings seek autonomy and “space”, which therefore leads to only a vague sense of society. Conservatives traditionally reject this view. However, new right are much more atomistic in their view of human nature and society

51
Q

What did rand view regarding social policy?

A

She defended individuals rights to choose in areas such as abortion and homosexuality

52
Q

What did new right conservative Barry Goldwater say in the 1964 election regarding the state?

A

“The small state is the string state”

53
Q

What was Nozicks key book called?

A

“Anarchy, state and utopia”

54
Q

What did Nozick believe was the biggest threat to individual liberty?

A

Growth of the government

55
Q

What was Nozicks view on human nature?

A

Positive and optimistic, egotistical.

56
Q

What was Nozicks view in tax and the quote he said about it?

A

Sceptical - “tax, for the most part, is theft”

57
Q

What did Nozick believe would be created as a result of a small state?

A

Self sufficient communities that would be free to practice their own moral codes

58
Q

Nozicks view on human nature, state, society and the economy?

A
  • Human nature - egotistical
  • State - minarchist state should outsource resources to private companies
  • society - geared towards individual self fulfilment
  • economy - small state shipped detach its self from the economy
59
Q

What is Rands view on human nature, the state, society and the economy?

A
  • Human nature - objectivist, guided by rational self interest
  • state - confine its self to just law order and security
  • society - its atomistic
  • economy - free market capitalism

Political Ideologies (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions