Conservatism

Question 0

New right

Answer 0

An ideological trend within conservatism that embraces a blend of market individualism and social authoritarianism

Question 1

Authoritarianism

Answer 1

A belief that strong central authority, imposed from above, is either desirable or necessary, and therefore demands unquestioning obedience

Question 2

Tradition

Answer 2

Values, practices or institutions that having endured through time and, in particular, been passed down from one generation to the next.

Question 3

Anomie

Answer 3

A weakening of values and normative rules, associated with feelings of isolation, loneliness and meaninglessness

Question 4

Organicism

Answer 4

A belief that society operates like an organism or living entity, the whole being more than a collection of its individual parts

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

The theory that social institutions and practices should be understood in terms of the functions they carry out in sustaining the largest social system

Question 6

Hierarchy

Answer 6

A graduation of social positions or status; hierarchy implies structural or fixed inequality in which position is unconnected with individual ability

Question 7

Natural aristocracy

Answer 7

The idea that talent and leadership innate or inbred qualities that cannot be acquired through effort or self-advancement

Question 8

Authority

Answer 8

The right to exert influence over others by virtue of an acknowledged obligation to obey

Question 9

Property

Answer 9

The ownership of physical goods or wealth, whether by private individuals, groups of people or the state

Question 10

Privatisation

Answer 10

The transfer of state assets from the public to the private sector, reflecting a contraction of the state’s responsibilities

Question 11

Populism

Answer 11

A belief that popular instincts and wishes are the principal legitimate guide to political action, often reflecting distrust of or hostility towards political elites

Question 12

Christian democracy

Answer 12

An ideological tradition within European conservativism that is characterised by a commitment to the social market and qualified economic intervention

Question 13

Social market

Answer 13

An economy that is structured by market principles but which operates in the context of a society in which cohesion is maintained through a comprehensive welfare system and effective public services

Question 14

Economic liberalism

Answer 14

A belief in the market as a self regulating mechanism that tends naturally to deliver general prosperity and opportunities for all

Question 15

Neoliberalism

Answer 15

An updated version of classical political economy that is dedicated to market individualism and minimal statism

Question 16

Neoconservatism

Answer 16

A modern version of social conservativism that emphasises the need to restore order, return to traditional family values or revitalise nationalism

Question 17

Permissiveness

Answer 17

The willingness to allow people to make their own moral choices; permissiveness suggests that there are no authoritative values

Question 18

Washington consensus

Answer 18

A neoliberal framework embraced since the 1980s by key Washington-based International institutions, reflecting support for fiscal discipline, privatisation and financial and trade liberalisation

Question 19

Civic conservativism

Answer 19

A form of conservativism, rooted in the social conservativism, that calls for a transformation of the civic culture to counter-balance what are seen as the ‘excesses’ of state control and the free market