Conservation of biodiversity

Question 1

BIODIVERSITY

Answer 1

“biological diversity”
variety, multiformity, a condition of being different (the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems of a region)

Question 2

ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY

Answer 2

variety in the combinations of species living together in communities (due to varied environments or geographical ranges)

Question 3

SPECIES DIVERSITY

Answer 3

the many different species on the evolutionary tree of life - varied body plans, internal structures, life cycles, modes of nutrition

Question 4

GENETIC DIVERSITY

Answer 4

variety in the gene pool of each species - there is variation between geographically separated populations and within populations

Question 5

what do species with limited individuals have

Answer 5

limited diversity and problems due to inbreeding

Question 6

how to measure species biodiversity

Answer 6

Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity

Question 7

SIMPSON’S RECIPROCAL INDEX OF DIVERSITY

Answer 7

species richness (# of species) and evenness (relative # of each species)
DI= N(N-1)/sum of n(n-1)
N= total # of individuals collected
n: # of individuals of a species

Question 8

higher diversity index=?

Answer 8

more niches and less competition leading to greater stability of the ecosystem

Question 9

ANTHROPOGENIC

Answer 9

due to human activities

Question 10

OVERHARVESTING

Answer 10

taking things from the natural environment faster than reproduction can occur causes extinction

Question 11

HABITAT DESTRUCTION

Answer 11

natural habitats were destroyed for agriculture and for towns and cities

Question 12

INVASIVE SPECIES

Answer 12

ailen species can drive native species to extinction by predation, spreading pests and disease, or competition for resources

Question 13

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

Answer 13

human activities are causing rapid changes in temperature precipitation and some species may not be able to adapt

Question 14

BIODIVERSITY CRISIS

Answer 14

unprecedented loss of ecosystems and species occurring

Question 15

variables that cause biodiversity crisis

Answer 15

human population growth
hunting and other forms of over-exploitation
urbanization
deforestation, clearance of land for agriculture
pollution and spread od pests
diseases and invasive species due to global transport

Question 16

different types of conserving biodiversity

Answer 16

in situ
ex-situ

Question 17

in situ conservation

Answer 17

legislation or land purchase can be used
the larger the area the better
ensures species lives in the abiotic environment to which it is adapted (doesn’t start to adapt to different conditions)
allows species to interact with other wild species (preserves niches)

Question 18

rewilding

Answer 18

ecological restoration aimed at increasing biodiversity and restoring natural processes
- one process to help massive-scale restoration of natural ecosystems

Question 19

reclamation

Answer 19

returning disturbed land to a usable state

Question 20

Ex situ

Answer 20

preservation of species outside of their natural habitats

Question 21

ex situ in botanical gardens

Answer 21

must propagate plants (breed)

Question 22

ex situ in zoos

Answer 22

must have breeding programs

Question 23

genetic diversity in international breeding programs

Answer 23

either maintained or increased

Question 24

why are some species removed and relocated

Answer 24

cannot remain safein their habitats

Question 25

germplasm

Answer 25

long term storage of living material

Question 26

EDGE

Answer 26

Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered
conservation efforts have to be targeted where benefits are likely to be greatest

Question 27

EDGE criteria to identify animal species that are most deserving of conservation

Answer 27

does the species have few or no close relatives (member of a very small clade)
is the species in danger of extinction because all remaining populations are threatened?