adaptations Flashcards
HABITAT
place where a community, species, population, or organism lives
What more often consists of a habitat
physical conditions
types of ecosystem
location within ecosystem
main difference between habitat and ecosystem
ecosystem has interactions of both abiotic and biotic factors
outline adaptations of marram grass
deep roots for stability and ground water access
thick waxy leaf cuticle to minimize evaporation
rolled leaves that protects the stomata from the wind and still allowing gas exchange
how does creating a moist microclimate around areas of water loss reduce the transportation rate?
because the higher the humidity the less transpiration that occurs. the moist air dec. driving force of water to escape into the air.
mangrove tree adaptions
secretion of excess salt glands in the leaf
root epidermis coated in cork reducing permeability to salt and prevents excessive absorption
cable roots growing close to the soil surface where there’s most oxygen
TRANSECTS
used to measure range of tolerance of plants or animals of many abiotic factors
how does a transect work
measure how an abiotic factor changes over a straight line
count abundance of species to correlate with factor
LINE TRANSECT
LINE INTERCEPT SAMPLING
tape laid along the ground between 2 poles and all organisms that touch the line are recorded
BELT TRANSECT
abundance of species is estimated in the area between 2 lines separated by a fixed distance
(put quadrats at regular intervals along the belt)
OBSERVATIONAL TRANSECT
observer walks along a defined route at a defined pace and records sightings of target species
(can be used to investigate ranges of tolerance and also for monitoring changes in population size over time)
CORAL REEFS ABIOTIC FACTORS
depth <50m (for light)
pH >7.8 for calcium carbonate to be deposited for skeleton
salinity between 32-42ppm to avoid osmosis problems
clarity, turbidity will prevent light penetration
temp. 23-29C so coral and zooxanthellae remain healthy
coral reef and algae relationship
MUTUALISITIC RELATIONSHIP
hard coral contains zooxanthellae algae require light for photosynthesis
general adaptations for desert
nocturnal
thick waxy cuticle
wide-spreading root system
large ears
general adaptations for rainforest
changing habitats
poison
limited diet
camoflauge
larger plants
