CONSERVATION L2- Post Colonial Environments and Sustainable Development

Question 1

Truman (1949)

Answer 1

The US president referred to the global south as being underdeveloped.

Production was considered the key to prosperity and peace.

Question 2

Carson (1962)

Answer 2

“The control of nature is a phase conceived in arrogance”

Question 3

Whyte (1967)

Answer 3

Ecological cruses are a result of our new, novel culture. To survive these crises we much change our actions and attitudes.

Question 4

Leopold (1966)

Answer 4

“A thing is good as it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community”.

The goal of conservation is NOT to connect the state to the environment, but to connect the environment to geological ways of thinking about it.

Question 5

John Stuart Mill

Answer 5

Qualitative Utilitarian- a thing is good if it produces happiness of higher powers. (GHP)

Question 6

Brundtland Report (1987)

Answer 6

Introduced the concept of sustainable development.

Argued that humans do not consider the consequences of their actions on the environment and other humans.

We only have one world so it is vital that we preserve it.

Question 7

Pickett and White (1985)

Answer 7

Wilderness is an ironic concept; we seek to control what must change.

Question 8

Holling and Meffe (1996)

Answer 8

Command and control management results in severe ecological consequences- resulting in reduced variation and increased vulnerability.

e.g. monocultures are highly vulnerable to disease, floods and drought.

This may result in short term economic gains, but in the long term, increased vulnerability requires more economic input to maintain the system.

Question 9

Agrawal (2005)

Answer 9

Rural residents come to care about the environment via personal experiences that allow them to view it as valuable.

Rooted in the example of Kumaon, India.