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BIO3 > Conservation Biology > Flashcards

Conservation Biology Flashcards

1
Q

To understand our use of natural resources: _ and _

A

Problems
Solutions

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2
Q

The categories of natural resources: (6 of them) : fembwl :

A

Food
Energy
Minerals
Biodiversity
Water
Land

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3
Q

Abbreviation for natural resource categories:

A

Fembwl

Food
Energy
Minerals
Biodiversity
Water
Land

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4
Q

Resources means: _ we _ to _ our _
Nonrenewable resources are:
Renewable resources are:

A

Anything
Use
Meet
Needs

Limited in supply
Natural replenished; no supply limit

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5
Q

Which of the natural resources categories are categorized as: non renewable resources:
Which are renewable resources:
Which natural resource is both:

A

Land, some energy, minerals, biodiversity
(Sblem)

Water, food, some energy

Energy

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6
Q

Biodiversity means:

A

Variety of living things

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7
Q

It is expected by _ , _ % of all species will go extinct without action
The current extinction _ is _ times _
Typically Extinction occurs at _ per _ species per year

A

2100
22%
Rate
1,000
Greater
1
Million

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8
Q

Causes of Biodiversity Crisis :

A

Habitat loss
Invasive species
Pollution
Overexploitation
Diseases
Global warming
Acid rain

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9
Q

We are in the _ of a _ _ event

A

Middle
Mass
Extinction

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10
Q

Resource: Land
Landfills:
In the U.S. _ _ trucks are filled _
While _ is _ % of _ trash
Americans trash _ tons of _ daily which is compostable meaning:
While _ , _ _ pounds of trash is dumped into_

A

63,000
Garbage
Daily
Packaging
65%
Household
43,000
Food
: capable of being decomposed; biodegradable

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11
Q

Resource: Land
How can you help?

A

Soil contamination: more sustainable methods for fertilizing (crop rotation)?
Deforestation: composting , buying less; buy lower in food chain
Livestock: buying less; buy lower in food chain
Landfills:less packaging, recycling
Mining: make all minerals more expensive to not want any

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12
Q

How do humans effect the resource: water? (3)
And by what methods?

A

Alter water cycle: through dams, deforestation, urban development, & water withdrawals for industry, agriculture, or domestic use

Pollution: sediments or chemicals from agriculture, mining, industry, or construction

Climate change: melting ice, warming & acidifying oceans

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13
Q

How many calories do you need daily?

A

2,000

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14
Q

How are human eating habits harmful? (4)
Fill in blank for one of you:

Greenhouse gas emissions : food is responsible for _% of global greenhouse gas emissions

A

Overharvesting populations, threatening food webs

Harmful agricultural practices

Consumption high on the food web

26

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15
Q

Resource: food:

What are some harmful agricultural practices: (3 with details)

A

Deforestation

Application of fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides

Planting water-intensive crops in dry climates

Investing resources (water, crops, energy) into livestock

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16
Q

Fades about reliance on Resource: food:
It is _ as it _ _ % of _ energy
_% of US _ is devoted to producing _ _
And _ are responsible for _% of all _ _ consumption
_ % of all _ are given to _

A

Inefficient
Wastes
90
Plant
70
Cropland
Livestock
food
Livestock
25
Fresh water

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17
Q

Since Food production releases 26% of all greenhouse gases:
Which % goes to livestock & fisheries?
Crop production?
Land use?
Supply chains (transport, packaging, retail) ?

A

31%
27%
24%
18%

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18
Q

Resource: Food
How can you help?

Overharvesting:
Harmful agricultural practices:
Consumption high on food web:
Food-related greenhouse gas emissions:

A
  • Overharvesting: lower
  • Harmful agricultural practices: grow own, talk to representatives, farmers market ( local,sustainable)
  • Consumption high on food web: eat less lower foods chain
  • Food-related greenhouse gas emissions: eating less meat ( cow ; produce methane), farmer’s market
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19
Q

Is there enough energy on earth for all our needs?
where is our current human energy use harmful?
give two reasons :

A

Yes
reliance on unsustainable & harmful sources of energy over reliance on energy

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20
Q

What are four unsustainable and harmful sources of energy used today?

A

Fossil fuels, nuclear power, Hydro power, compressed, natural gas

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21
Q

Name some facts about the unsustainable harmful source of energy that starts with the letter N:

A

Nonrenewable

6% of energy use is from nuclear power

limited by danger and inability to store waste

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22
Q

How does the unsustainable harmful source of energy starting with the letter H: work: function?
What damages does it cause?

A

Converts energy of falling water to electricity

Dams cause major environmental problems (alter water cycle, affect water quality, affect wildlife)

23
Q

How does the unsustainable harmful source of energy starting with the letter C: get formed?
What does it produce and what is its problem?
Keyword is :

A

Produced through decomposition of organic matter

Still produces greenhouse gases, but cleaner, safer

Problem: hydraulic fracturing “fracking”

Fracking

24
Q

Name some facts about unsustainable harmful source of energy starting with the letter F: (4)

A

75% of world’s energy from fossil fuels

Oil, gas, coal from organisms from 300 million years ago

Nonrenewable resource

Causes global warming, pollution, biodiversity loss

25
Q

What does fossil fuel cause?
How much of the worlds energy is from fossil fuel ?

A

75%

global warming, pollution, biodiversity loss

26
Q

What are some sustainable sources of energy?
Name at least 3 to 4:

A

Solar power

Tidal power

Wind power

Geothermal

Biomass

Hydrogen

27
Q

Overreliance on energy is seen by the fact that the US has a _ % population yet uses _ % are fossil fuels
With most of the energy going to _ & _

A

5
50
Transportation
Heating

28
Q

How is a use of minerals harmful?
Name two reasons:

A

Mining causes environmental destruction

Disposal creates toxic pollution

29
Q

What are three examples of minerals?

A

Sand,
gravel,
phosphate,
aluminum,
copper,
iron,
lead,
gold

30
Q

How do I prevent mining?

A

Reducing electricity, reducing mining waste
Using sustainable friendly products
Water conservation

31
Q

Ecological footprint is:

Amount of _ to provide _ _ for _ or _
•Allotted _ acres per person
•Average US citizen uses _ acres per person!

A

Land
Raw materials
Individual
Nation
4.5
21
Allotted means: give apportion to share

32
Q

Fill in the blank:

Richest countries with _ % of population, use _ % resources
Poor countries with _ % of population only get _ % of resources

A

20 %
86 %
80 %
14 %

33
Q

EcologicalFootPrint:
Fair share foot print:
World average:
U.S:
China footprint: _, which is best footprint x population

A

1.7
2.8
8.4

3.7

34
Q

Habitat loss is caused by:
_ , _ _ , _ ,_

A

Agriculture
Urban development
Forestry
Mining

35
Q

Key facts about habitat loss:
_ of all _ is human _
_ _ responsible for _% of _
_ _ particularly at _

A

Half
Land
Altered
Habitat
Loss
73
Extinctions
Tropical
Forests
Risk

36
Q

Biodiversity crisis:

What do invasive species do?
Example _ mussels killed _ mussels in _ lakes

A

Destroy natives
Zebra
Native great

37
Q

Biodiversity crisis:
Example of pollutants (pollution):
(3 (or 5)) & 2 of them what do they cause:

A

Oil spills
Chlorofluorocarbons:cause: ozone depletion
PCB, DDT, BPA:cause: hormone disorders

38
Q

Biodiversity crisis:
What are some animals that are exploited?
Why are they exploited ?

A

Bears, tigers, bison, elephant, tropical fish

Clothes, entertainment, experimentation, food

39
Q

Prices for exploiting an animal example:

A

Siberian tiger worth $500,000
•Bear gallbladder worth $10,000

40
Q

Biodiversity crisis:
Introducing diseases may be _ to _
An example would be :

A

Deadly
Natives

African elephant herpes deadly to Asian elephants
Dutch elm disease wiped out 100 million American elm

41
Q

Biodiversity Crisis:
Global warming:
_ activities _ _ _ (like: _, _ , _)
It _ _ energy; which _ global _ ; which will likely increase it by _ in _ yrs
It causes loss of _ & _ ; which is _ on _

A

Human ; increase; greenhouse; gases
(CO2, CH3, N2O)

Traps ; solar ; increases ; temperature ;
.8 C ; 100

Species ; ecosystems; dependent ; cold

42
Q

Biodiversity Crisis:
Acid rain is formed by :
The _ of _ _ ; which _ _ & _ ;
Which when _ with _ _ forms _ ;
Thus _ becomes _
Which then _ _ & _ animals

A

Burning ; fossil fuel ; releases ; SO2 & NO2
Combined ; water vapor ; acids
Precipitation (weather) ; acidic
Kills ; plants ; aquatic

43
Q

In the population lecture, we talked about the California Condor, which bottlenecked at 22 birds. What was the most likely cause of their near-extinction? (hint: California)
a.Habitat loss
b.Disease
c.Exotic species
d.Over-exploitation
e.Acid rain

A

Habitat loss, lead poisoning, poaching (over exploitation, and DDT contamination (pollution)

So a or e

44
Q

Why should we care about the Loss of biodiversity? (17 reasons: do at least 7)

A

25% prescription drugs derived from plants
Hundreds of drugs yet to be discovered
Useful for biotechnology

Provide food
Pollinate crops
Control pests
Insurance against pathogen attack

Provide products: like:
rubber, seaweed, beeswax, fiber, skins, wood

Decompose waste (average US citizen disposes 1250 lb. per year, mostly edible)
Nutrient cycling

Regulate climate (cool temperatures)
Reduce carbon dioxide
Reduce erosion

Vacation destinations
Aesthetics
Ecosystem services total $33 trillion/year
BECAUSE WE ARE NOT ALONE ON THIS PLANET

45
Q

What can see do to protect biodiversity? (3)

A

Protect endangered populations
Protect ecosystems
Protect biological hot spots (coral reef: Philippines)

46
Q

4 conservational practices / policies are:

A

Removal of invasive species
Set aside protected lands
Regulation of resource use
US Endangered Species Act

47
Q

2 Purpose of Endangered Species Act (ESA)?
It was enacted by congress on _

A

Protect & recover imperiled species
1973

48
Q

is the the difference between endangered & threatened species?

A

E: in danger of extinction
T: likely to become endangered

49
Q

How many species are currently listed on ESA?
Example:
Success story example:

A

2,503 species
Giant kangaroo rat, Florida panther, California condor,Green sea turtle, California tiger salamander, Hawaiian yellow-faced bee,Gulf sturgeon,Coast redwood, Dwarf trout lily
Ss: Bald eagle, gray wolf, southern sea otter

50
Q

How can you help restore biodiversity ?

A

Planting bee friendly Flowers
Advocate
Avoid Palm oil
Litter picking
Eat plant based

51
Q

5 human actions that damage land:
& name 2 of what they cause:

_ billion _ of _ around the world are lost every year, resulting in the _ of hundreds of billions of dollars in _ production

A

Soil contamination – fertilizers, pesticides, liquid leakage from industrial&landfill waste
Deforestation -causes soil erosion
Livestock – cause desertification
Landfills
Mining

75, tons , soil , loss , agricultural

52
Q

Two effects of deforestation are;
Cause more damage in _ than _ forests

A

Loss of biodiversity & increase in greenhouse gases

Tropical , temperate

53
Q

Desertification:
_ increases the _ of deserts
_ % of _ are in danger of desertification

A

Grazing
Number
75
Rangelands

BIO3 (4 decks)

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