conservation and changes in ecosystems

Question 1

habitat degradation: salinity

cause+solutions

Answer 1

salts normally found in ground water rise to the surface because of water tables rising caused by removal of deep rooted plants
alternate short and deep roots
draining the water table to lower it

Question 2

invasive species

solutions

Answer 2

introduced species have no predators so their growth is unlimited
breeding programs biological control

Question 3

unsustainable use of resources

Answer 3

over harvesting of natural resources and not allowing for regeneration
management: less destructive fishing practices fishing licences protecting animals under law

Question 4

pollutants: biomagnification

Answer 4

higher concentration of pollutants found in tissues of organisms as you move up trophic levels
management banning use of DDT (plastics?)

Question 5

climate change

Answer 5

increases in green house gases due to combustion leading to an enhanced green house effect
environmental: clean energy
management government quote of forest clearing

Question 6

eutrophication

Answer 6

an excess of nutrients(nitrogen, phosphorous) in waters causing algae blooms leading to the creation of dead zones
environmental prevent runoff plant barriers to absorb nutrients

Question 7

primary succession

Answer 7

pioneer plants arrive (r-selected) then small herbivores

Question 8

secondary succession

Answer 8

disturbances to ecosystems and flow of matter. organisms can recolonise and kinds may change

Question 9

climax community

Answer 9

slow growing long live k- selected species stable environments
not all ecosystems get here

Question 10

genetic conservation

Answer 10

gene banks: a bio repository that preserves genetics and seeds/ cuttings
captive breeding programs: organisms are taken to be bread to restore the population

Question 11

environmental conservation

Answer 11

revegetation: replanting plants in an area
control of introduced species

Question 12

management stratergies

Answer 12

protected areas
restricted commercial and recreational access

Question 13

bush fires

Answer 13

unplanned vegetation fires arson or lightning
prescribed burning or buffer zones

Question 14

geological time scale

Answer 14

representation of time based on rock records monitors ecosystem changes

Question 15

population growth stages

Answer 15

lag- slow growth acceleration- rapid population increase transitional- growth decreases competition increases
carry capacity-br and dr in equilibrium

Question 16

sustainability

Answer 16

acting in a way that ensures future generations have the natural resources to live

Question 17

proof of climate change

Answer 17

co2 levels icecores and sea levels

Question 18

effects of climate change

Answer 18

increased rainfall, heatwaves, drought, storms

Question 19

Green house effect summary

Answer 19

Sunlight is absorbed or reflected
Absorbed energy is reradiated as heat
Additional greenhouse gases trap that heat in
Some heat becomes kinetic or potential energy or is re emitted
More heat is retained
Heats up earth
Correlations between co2 and temperature increases

Question 20

World heritage site

Answer 20

The identification protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage that is out standing to humanity

Question 21

Biodiversity hotspots

Answer 21

Rich and unique biodiversity at high risk of destruction
Means funding can be achieved for the protection of the spot

Question 22

Protection of migration routes and breeding areas

Answer 22

Minimising offshore developments in areas of breeding or miagration