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Bio 4: Biodiversity and Natural Resources > Conservation > Flashcards

Conservation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why is the extinction of a species bad?

A

It causes a reduction in global biodiversity

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2
Q

What does conservation involve?

A

The protection and management of endangered species

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3
Q

What are the two types of conservation?

A
  • Zoos

- Seedbanks

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of using botanical gardens? 2

A
  • Space needed

- Expensive to regulate environment for different plant needs

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5
Q

What do seedbanks store?

A

Many seeds from different plant species and different plants within that species

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6
Q

What are plants threatened by?

A
  • Habitat destruction
  • Climate change
  • Over harvesting
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7
Q

What are seedbanks used for? 5

A
  • Scientific research
  • Habitat restoration
  • Species reintroduction
  • Maintaining genetic diversity in a species
  • Education about biodiversity conservation
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8
Q

How do seedbanks maintain genetic diversity?

A

Storing a range of seeds from plants with different characteristics and alleles

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9
Q

What conditions does seed storage need and why? 3

A

Dry and low temperatures

  • Reduced enzyme activity and therefore growth of microbes and therefore rate of decomposition
  • Reduced metabolic reactions so seed less likely to germinate
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10
Q

What happens to seeds after a month in storage and why?

A
  • A sample of seeds are taken out and germinated on agar plates
  • To test seed viability
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11
Q

What happens if seed viability is low?

A

Planted grown and new seeds harvested for storage

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12
Q

Advantages of seedbanks over fully grown plant storage 6

A
  • Cheaper to store seeds than fully grown plants
  • Large numbers can be stored as seeds take up less space: greater genetic diversity
  • Less labour needed
  • Different species of plant in similar conditions, fully grown plants need conditions from original habitat
  • Seeds less likely to be damaged from natural disasters, disease and vandalism
  • Can be stored for a long time
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13
Q

What are the disadvantages to seedbanks?

A
  • Expensive and time consuming to always test seeds for viability
  • Too expensive to store all types of seed
  • Difficult to collect seeds from plants in remote locations
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14
Q

What are the aims of captive breeding programmes in zoos? 3

A
  • Increasing number of individuals of species with low numbers
  • Maintaining genetic diversity within captive population
  • Reintroducing animals to the wild
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15
Q

What are the threats to the animal species? 4

A
  • Land development
  • Over exploitation
  • Pollution
  • Introduction of alien species
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16
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

Some alleles not passed to offspring purely by chance, causing a reduction in genetic variation

17
Q

What is the problem with a small animal population? 4

A
  • More interbreeding of closely related individuals
  • Frequency of homozygous genotypes increases
  • Loss of heterozygote genotypes
  • Accumulation of recessive alleles lead to harmful effects
18
Q

What are the problems with captive breeding programmes in zoos? 2

A
  • Hard to recreate natural habitat species so animals may have issues breeding outside of their natural habitat
  • People think its is cruel to keep animals in captivity
19
Q

What are the advantages of species reintroduction? 3

A
  • Increases their numbers in the wild
  • Helps organisms who rely on species for food/as part of habitat
  • Helps restore lost habitats
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of species reintroduction? 2

A
  • Reintroduced species could bring new diseases to other organisms
  • Reintroduced organisms may not behave as wild animals e.g problems communicating/finding food
21
Q

How can seedbanks be used in scientific research?

A
  • Study how to grow plant species from seeds
  • Medical research
  • New material without removing endangered plants from wild
22
Q

What is the disadvantage to using seedbanks in scientific research?

A

Limits data to small interbred populations unrepresentative of wild plants

23
Q

What are zoos used for? 3

A
  • Scientific research
  • Education on conserving biodiversity
  • Captive breeding programmes
24
Q

How do zoos contribute to scientific research? 2

A
  • Increase knowledge on behaviour, physiology and nutritional needs
  • Can carry out research impossible for species in the wild
25
Q

What is the disadvantage of using zoos for scientific research?

A

Animals in captivity may act differently to wild animals

26
Q

How do zoos educate people about conserving biodiversity?

A

People can get close to organisms and so increasing enthusiasm for conservation

27
Q

How do seedbanks educate people about conserving biodiversity? 3

A
  • Provides training
  • Sets up local seedbanks around the world
  • Aims to conserve seeds in original country

Bio 4: Biodiversity and Natural Resources (8 decks)

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