Consensus theories more useful than conflict Flashcards
P1: What is the main argument of functionalism?
Functionalists argue that society operates based on shared norms and values, which create stability and social cohesion.
How does Durkheim (1893) describe society?
Durkheim compares society to an organic system where institutions (e.g., family, education, law) work together to maintain social order.
How does functionalism explain the role of education?
Education transmits shared values (e.g., respect for authority, meritocracy), ensuring individuals conform to society’s rules and maintain social order.
What is the “collective conscience,” and why is it important?
The collective conscience refers to shared beliefs that bind people together, ensuring cooperation and stability in society.
What is the Marxist critique of functionalism?
Marxists argue that functionalism ignores inequality—institutions serve the ruling class, not society as a whole. Althusser (1971) claims education reinforces capitalist control.
P2:What is the New Right’s main argument about society?
The New Right emphasises the importance of traditional institutions (e.g., family, free markets) in maintaining social order and stability.
How does the New Right explain poverty in lone-parent families?
The New Right blames poverty on the breakdown of traditional family structures, such as a lack of male role models, rather than structural inequalities.
What does Murray (1984) argue about the welfare state?
Murray claims the welfare state creates a dependency culture, weakening personal responsibility and leading to social instability.
Why is the New Right considered useful in understanding society?
It explains social breakdown and the role of institutions in maintaining order, particularly in relation to traditional values.
What is the feminist critique of the New Right?
Feminists argue the New Right reinforces patriarchal oppression by assuming traditional gender roles are “natural.” Oakley (1974) criticises it for ignoring the benefits of diverse family structures.
P3: What is the main argument of Marxism?
Marxists argue that society is structured by class conflict, where the ruling class exploits the working class to maintain power.
How does Marx (1867) describe capitalism?
Marx claims capitalism is based on exploitation and class struggle, with the bourgeoisie controlling resources and dominating the proletariat.
What is “false class consciousness”?
False class consciousness occurs when workers believe capitalism is fair due to ideological manipulation by institutions like education and the media.
Why is Marxism considered useful in understanding society?
It exposes hidden power structures and inequality, showing how society benefits the privileged rather than everyone equally.
What is the postmodernist critique of Marxism?
Postmodernists argue Marxism is outdated—class is no longer the key division, and society is shaped by identity, culture, and consumption. Lyotard (1984) claims Marxism ignores individual choice and diversity.
