consciousness l and ll Flashcards
what is dualism?
the mind and body being held seperate
give examples for consciousness, preconsciousness, and unconsciousness
conscious: seeing, hearing, current problem-solving
preconscious: memories - mothers maiden name, first pets name
unconcious: unwanted desires
what is the hightrack?
in the conscious, deliberate actions, awareness, reflection
what is the low track?
in the unconscious, automatic actions, 0 deliberate actions
give examples for both the hightrack and the lowtrack
hightrack: problem solving, naming an object
lowtrack: walking, moving your hand
what is the stroop effect?
lots of practice reading words makes it automatic, think of example with words of colours coloured in opposite
what is selective attention?
focus is on limited number of things in hightrack, we tune out everything else
is the cocktail party effect apart of selective attention or inattention?
selective attention, its apart of low track
what is selective inattention?
attention is on something specific, so dont notice certain info, inattentional blindess
give example of change blindness
magician doing trick in one hand while the other is used to distract the person watching
give example of choice blindness
think of the video about jam, where people have an illusion of choice kinda
name the 3 forms of spontaneous consciousness
daydreaming, drowsiness, dreaming
name the 3 forms of physiologically induced consciousness
hallucinations, orgasm, food/oxygen starvation
name the 3 forms of psychologically induced consciousness
sensory deprivation, hypnosis, meditation
give examples of biological rythms
period cycle, bird migration, hibernation, circadian ryhtm
what does the circadian rythm affect?
body temperature, hormones, arousal/energy levels, ability to digest food
what is the MEQ questionnaire, and what did it find?
morningness and eveningness (larks/owls), found that people in 50s+ peak in the day and have around 22hr rhythm, people in 20s peak in the night and have around a 26hr rhythm
caffein consumption and rhythm?
longer biorythm: caffeine early in the day
shorter biorythm: caffeine later in the day
personal relationships and rhythms?
mismatch in rhythms create interpersonal difficulties
who benefits more from a 9-5 workweek?
short biorhythms
examples of why we know biorhythms exist
jet lag - takes time to adjust to new cycles of light
timeless room - gradual new schedule of 25hrs
what are sleep stages?
patterns of brain waves and muscle activity
what are sleep cycles?
pattern of going through all the sleep stages throughout the night
how many sleep stages are there, and what are they?
4 in total, REM and then non-REM which is N1, N2, N3
what is REM?
dreaming, only 25% of total sleep time, heart rate and breathing rates go up
what is non-REM?
slow brainwaves, deep sleep
describe all the non-REM stages
N1: drowsiness
N2: deeper sleep
N3: deepest sleep
how does biology affect quality/quantity of sleep?
our clock is set by exposure to light
how does age affect quality/quantity of sleep?
newborns sleep about 16hrs, while adults sleeo about 8hrs
how does culture affect quality/quantity of sleep?
north americans sleep less than other nations
how do indiv. differences affect quality/quantity of sleep?
genetics: some better with 6hrs while some better with 9hrs
sleep disorders: FASP
what is sleep hygiene and what are examples for it?
having a good bedroom environment
ex: no lights, excercise
give examples of why we sleep
restores brain/body
builds/strengthens memory
sleep deprivation = bad
period for waste to be removed from brain
what does sleep deprivation do to the body
weight gain, lower concentration, higher blood pressure, higher risk of illness,
why are car accidents more at risk because of sleep deprivation?
impaired attention, lower reaction time
name all 6 sleep disorders
insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, night terrors, sleep walking, sleep paralysis
what are some interpretations of dreams?
psychoanalytic from freud: manifest content, latent content
other: - dreams do have real things incorporated into them
- to satisfy our own wishes
- file away memories
- cognitive dev.
- make sense of neural static
what is blindsight?
visual cortex is damaged but eyes still function, therefore doing things without being consciously aware
what are the three physiological factors that influence consciousness (via drugs)
depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens
what are depressants?
drugs that reduce neural activity
what are the three effects of alcohol?
inhibition of nervous system, reduced memory formation, impaired self-control
what are the two effects of barbiturates
inhibition of nervous system, promote falling asleep
what are the two effects of opiates?
depress nervous system (produce high euphoria), works at the body’s pain reducers
what are stimulants?
increase neural activity and bodily functions
what are some effects of nicotine?
boosts attention, heart rate and blood pressure rise, supresses appetite
what are the effects of cocaine/meth
increases levels of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, short-lived euphoria
what are the effects of ecstasy/MDMA
increases dopamine/serotonin, hallucinations, social connections are higher, dehydration, impaired memory, supressed immune system
what are some hallucinogens?
LSD, marijuana
what is associated with addiction?
tolerance to the drug, withdrawal, dependence, negative impact of substance on daily life
what is the basic difference between physical and psychological dependence?
physical: body has been altered, things like withdrawal create cravings
psychological: the drug becomes needed in almost every situation, a coping strategy
what is tolerance?
how much of a drug you can take before the effects are diminished, after repeated use
what is withdrawal?
symptoms experienced when the substance wears off
what are some things associated with substance use disorder?
giving up social/occupational activities because of use, using substances even if dangerous, needing large amounts to get the desired effect, withdrawal symptoms
what factors can influence substance use disorder?
biological, psychological, social-cultural
what are the three things people can use instead of drugs to alter consciousness?
hypnosis, sensory deprivation, meditation
what are qualities that help with hypnosis?
able to concentrate, active imagination
is sensory deprivation harmless?
no, if done for prolonged amounts of time then disorders of perception may happen
