Conscious sedation Flashcards
Conscious sedation produces a state of what?
A state of depression of the central nervous system enabling treatment to be carried out
What is maintained throughout the period of sedation?
Verbal contact with the patient
The drugs and techniques used should carry a margin of safety wide enough to avoid what?
Loss of consciousness
What are the three principles of conscious sedation?
- Provide sedation and relieve anxiety
- Maintain consciousness and patient co-operation
- Maintain control of physiological parameters
How do you avoid inadvertent over-sedation?
- Titrating drug/drugs to optimal effect
- Use of single drugs
What happens when combining an opioid and benzodiazepine?
Pronounced synergism >
an increased risk of over-sedation
What age groups are more sensitive to sedative and opioid drugs?
Children and the elderly
Two common benzodiazepines
- Midazolam
- Remimazolam
Two common induction agents
- Propofol
- Ketamine
Three common opiates
- Fentanyl
- Remifentanil
- Pethidine
What drug reverses benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
What drug reverses opiates?
Naloxone
What consideration has to be taken when naloxone is administered?
Naloxone can wear off before the opiate drug wears off - great care must be taken to monitor the patient
When possibly would further doses of naloxone be required?
If respiratory function begins to deteriorate again
