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psyc 100 exam 3 > consciouness > Flashcards

consciouness Flashcards

1
Q

what is consciousness

A

our immediate awareness of our external and internal states

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2
Q

states of consciousness

A

level of awareness for our external surroundings and internal states

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3
Q

contents of consciousness

A

specific thoughts we are aware of about our internal states/external surroundings

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4
Q

what are altered states of consciousness ex

A

-being asleep
-having a dream
-hypnosis
-meditation
-anesthesia
-psychoactive drugs

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5
Q

what happens to our brain when we’re awake

A

-neurons are active
-we dont use 10% of our brains
-we must pay attention and be aware we are paying attention

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6
Q

inattention blindness?

A

if you dont pay attention to something visual

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7
Q

which parts of the brain are associated with conscious awareness?

A

-reticular formation
-thalamus and hypothalamus
-cerebral cortex

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8
Q

role of reticular formation/dmg

A

role in being awake and, therefore, able to be conscious
loss of consciousness if dmg

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9
Q

role of thalamus and hypothalamus

A

info processing in the brain
thalamus: lack of conscious awareness if dmg
hypothalamus: disturbances of wakefulness

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10
Q

role of cerebral cortex

A

important for the “awareness” aspect of consciousness
lack of awareness if dmg

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11
Q

when is development of consciousness?

A

around 18 months, full conscious awareness develops at around 22 months

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12
Q

preconsciousness

A

level of awareness in which info can become readily available to consciousness if necessary
ex. what did you do last weekend?

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13
Q

automatic behav

A

a type of preconscious behav
ex. do you remember every step each time you brushed your teeth last week?

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14
Q

unconscious state

A

state in which info is not easily accessible to conscious awareness
ex. what did you eat last weekend?

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15
Q

what are cognitive views of the unconscious?

A

-explicit + implicit memory, unconscious decision making

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16
Q

what is explicit memory?

A

-involves pieces of knowledge that we are fully aware

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17
Q

what is implicit memory?

A

-involves knowledge that we are not typically aware of or able to recall at will

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18
Q

unconscious decision-making?

A

-ppl that make snap decisions often rely on “unconscious” thought processes

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19
Q

freud’s view of the unconscious

A
  • a large role for the unconscious mind
    -the unconscious mind is a complex system that contains repressed memories, desires, and traumatic experiences that influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors without our awareness.
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20
Q

adaptive theory of sleep

A

-theory that organisms sleep for the purpose of self-preservation, to keep away from predators

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21
Q

restoration theory

A

sleep restores our brains and bodies

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22
Q

circadian rhythm

A

-biological clock
-pattern of sleep-awake cycles that in human beings roughly correspond to periods of daylight and night

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23
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

-a small group of neurons in the hypothalamus responsible for coordinating the many rhythms of the body
–> directs pineal gland to produce melatonin, triggering sleepiness
-in the day, photoreceptors in the retina send signals to SCN about daylight, helps regulate dopamine and melatonin production –> why artificial lighting has an impact on our sleep quality

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24
Q

sleep cycle?

A

-awake and alert (alert)
-awake and drowsy (relaxed) (alphawaves)
-stage 1 (thetawaves)
-stage 2 (spindles)
-stage 3 (delta waves appear)
-stage 4 (mostly delta waves)
-REM (dreaming)

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25
how many mins per sleep cycle/how many stages
-90-100 mins per cycle -5 stages --> we spend the most time in stages 1 + 2 and REM sleep
26
pre-sleep period
hypnagogic state -alpha waves -hypnagogic hallucinations -myoclonic jerk (sudden twitches and spasm)
27
stage 1
-a few mins -bridge between wakefulness and sleep -alpha waves change to slower theta waves
28
stage 2
-15-20 mins -more relaxed -rhythmic breathing -sleep spindles (burst of rapid brain waves)
29
stage 3
-deep sleep -20-50% delta waves
30
stage 4
-heart rate, blood psi, breathing rates at lowest lvls -muscles relax -sleepwalking more likely
31
stage 5
-REM sleep -associated w/ rapid and jagged brain wave patterns, increased heart rate, rapid and irregular breathing, rapid eye movements, and dreaming
32
info processing theory
-dreams involve processing info from the day (ex. encoding memory + problem solving -dreams could be a mental realm where we can solve problems and think creatively
33
activation-synthesis model of dreaming
-brain has a lot of random activity via brainstem that activates sensory systems of the cortex dreams reflect the brains efforts to make sense out of or find meaning in the neural activity that takes place during sleep
34
freudian dream theory
-dreams represent expression of unconscious wishes or desires -not much evidence to back up theory
35
nightmares
dreams filled w/ intense anxiety
36
nightmare/dream disorder anxiety
frequent or distressing nightmares
37
lucid dreams
-sleeper fully recognizes that they are dreaming and occasionally actively guides the outcome of the dream
38
daydreams
-fantasies that occur while one is awake and aware of external reality, but is not fully conscious
39
sleep deprivation (ideal hrs? what does deprivation result in?)
-ideal: 9-10 hrs -loss: -general depressed state -lower immune system -lower ability to conc -higher incidence of accidents -lower productivity and higher likelihood of making mistakes
40
insomnia
-most common -difficulty going to sleep or staying asleep -caused by stress more common in older ppl due to medical conditions, pain, medications, depression and anxiety
41
sleep apnea
-2nd most common -repeatedly stops breathing during night leading to frequent awakenings -possible to have hundreds of attacks per night -can lead to cardiac arrest
42
excessive daytime sleepiness
-chronically tired, even if slept well
43
narcolepsy
-uncontrollable urge to fall asleep - suddenly fall into REM sleep during the day -can last up to 15 mins -genetic factors involved -no cure
44
delayed sleep phase syndrome
-long delay in ability to fall asleep
45
advanced sleep phase syndrome
-fall asleep between 6-9pm and wake between 2-5am
46
restless leg syndrome
-strong urge to move legs before sleep
47
periodic limb movements of sleep
-strong urge to move legs during sleep
48
sleepwalking
-mostly occurs during 3hrs of sleep -eventually returns to bed -inherited
49
night terrors
-occurs in stages 3/4 -child screams in panic: goes back to sleep immediately and does not remember the event in the morning -resolves by adolescence -may be genetic
50
REM sleep behav disorder
-acting out the dream while in bed and sleeping
51
altered consciousness?
-how we try to change what we're aware of
52
hypnosis
-altered state of consciousness, w/ heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus --> posthypnotic responses/ amnesia, hypnotic hallucinations, decreased activity in anterior cingulate cortex when used to anaesthetize/reduce pain
53
divided consciousness theory
-hypnosis splits awareness into 2 parts: one part responds to the hypnotist's suggestion, the other part continues to process pain info but at a less conscious level
54
social/cog process theory
-participant is highly motivated to believe in hypnosis, and , without awareness, works hard to ignore the pain
55
psychoactive drugs
chemicals that affect awareness behav, sensation, perception or mood
56
addiction
a psychological or physical compulsion to take a drug, resulting from regular ingestion and leading to maladaptive patterns of behav and changes in physical response
57
tolerance
mark of physical dependence on a drug, person is required to take incrementally larger doses of the drug to achieve the same effect
58
withdrawal symptoms
-unpleasant and sometimes dangerous side effects of reducing intake of a drug after a person has become addicted
59
depressants
-slow the activity of the cns, reducing tension and inhibitions -include alc and sedative-hypnotic drugs can interfere w/ judgement, motor activity, and conc
60
sedative-hypnotics (benzodiazepines)
-produces relaxation and drowsiness; relieves anxiety -ex. xanax, ativan, and valium
61
opioids
-derived from the sap of the opium poppy -include opium heroin, morphine, codeine, and oxycontin -activate the opioid receptors in the brain, providing their analgesic effect and their related high -reduce pain and emotional tension and produces pleasurable and calming feelings
62
stimulants
-increases activity of cns -include caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines
63
effects of cocaine
-increases energy and alertness -produces euphoric feelings of well-being -negatively impacts memory, attention, and decision-making
64
effects of amphetamines
-small doses increase energy and alertness and reduce appetite -large doses produces intoxication and psychosis -includes methamphetamine (crystal meth), MDMA (ecstasy), Adderall, and others
65
hallucinogens
-produce sensory or perceptual distortions -LSD, magic mushrooms, mescaline (buttons, mesc), dmt, ketamine (special k, cat valium), pcp, cannabis (marijuana, thc)
66
lsd?
-dramatically strengthens visual perceptions (illusions/hallucinations) along w/ profound psychological and physical changes
67
psychoactive drugs and reward (syndrome?)
-drugs activate a reward learning pathway or "pleasure pathway" in the brain -reward deficiency syndrome --> ppl might abuse drugs bc their reward centre is not readily activated by usual life events

psyc 100 exam 3 (2 decks)

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