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Medical Careers > Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Connective Tissues Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Characteristics of Connective Tissues

A
  • Most common tissue,
  • More matrix than cells
  • Fibers running through matrix
  • Job is to hold things together and provide structure and support
  • Vascularity varies with different connective tissues
  • Cells are named by tissue they make
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2
Q

Examples of Connective Tissues

A

-Adipose, tissue, bones, ligaments, cartilage, loose connective tissues that hold organs together

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3
Q

What are the types of fibers?

A

Collagen, Reticular, Elastic

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4
Q

What are Collagen Fibers?

A

These are one of the strongest proteins the body makes. It is formed (protein synthesis) by the cell. Vitamin C and the mineral copper are needed o form strong collagen fibers - also known as white fibers

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5
Q

What are Reticular Fibers?

A

There are tiny versions of collagen fibers. They look like spider webs and are found throughout the body anchoring tissues to one another

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6
Q

What are Elastic Fibers?

A

These fibers can do what collagen cannot do, which is return to their original position once hey have been pulled or stretched. These fibers are known as yellow

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7
Q

Adipose Tissue

A
  • Loose Connective Tissue designed to store fat

- Found beneath skin, around joints, padding the kidneys and other internal organs

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8
Q

Bone Tissue

A

Bone cells called osteocytes, lie within lacunae and are arranged in concentric circles

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9
Q

Cartilage

A
  • Rigid connective tissue providing supportive framework

- Lacks a vascular system, so it heals slowly

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10
Q

What is a fibroblast

A

cells that create the tissue

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11
Q

Cappillary

A

the more room in the matrix = the more blood vessels found

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12
Q

What is a Mast Cell

A

A type of WBC commonly found in connective tissue. It releases histamine or hepamine

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13
Q

WBC

A

neutrophil or monocyte

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14
Q

Matrix or IF

A

The fluid that fills the square between cells

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15
Q

Types of Connective Tissue Proper

A

Loose Areolar, Adipose, Loose Reticular, Dense Irregular, Dense Regular, Dense Elastic

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16
Q

Adipose Tissue

A
  • CT proper
  • very vascular
  • rule breaker - has cellularity
17
Q

Loose Reticular

A
  • CT proper
  • makes up framework of non-hollow organs (spleen, liver, lymph nodes)
  • very vascular to filter the lymph nodes
18
Q

Dense Irregular

A

-CT proper
-packed with fibers; not much room for blood vessels; slow healing
-strength in all direction
periosteum (around bone) pericardium (around cartilage) + around muscles, blood vessels and GI tract

19
Q

Dense Rgular

A
  • CT proper
  • not many blood vessels= slow healer
  • all fibers in one direction + strength in one direction
  • tendons, ligaments, fibrous membranes
20
Q

Dense Elastic

A
  • CT proper
  • mainly found under transitional epithelium, wall of repiratory pathway, walls of blood vessels
  • can form elastic ligaments that allow movement of vertebrae
21
Q

Loose Areolar

A
  • CT proper

- fibroblast, collagen fibers, capillary, mast cell, WBC, Reticular fibers, Matrix or IF

22
Q

Cartilage Connective Tissue

A
  • Matrix is firm because of proteoglycons
  • avascular - actually discourages blood vessel formation
  • cells (chondrocytes) must live in pools because of the firm matrix
  • pools are called lacunge
  • no room for nerves
  • perichondrium surrounds the cartilage
23
Q

What are the types of Cartilage Connective Tissue

A

Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

24
Q

What is hyaline cartilage

A
  • toughest cartilage there is
  • wear and tear = ends of joints nose trachea, connecting ribs to sternum
  • white = loaded with collagen fibers
25
Q

What is Fibrocartilage

A
  • alternate rows of cells, matrix, and fibers to create a tissue that can absorb a lot of forces (like a spring)
  • meniscus, intervertebral discs
26
Q

What is elastic Cartilage

A
  • strong like hyaline but elastic fibers allow it to return to original shape after bending
  • external ears, epiglottis
27
Q

Characteristics of Bone (Osseus) Connective Tissue

A

-gel like matrix of the cartilage has calcium slats added making the matrix even harder
-2 types: compact and spongy
-very vascular - has canals containing blood vessels running though matrix to give nutrient delivery
-large nerve supply
high amount of collagen fibers for strength
-osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

28
Q

Lamella

A

ring of cells

29
Q

osteocyte

A

bone cell

30
Q

lacurae

A

little lake where cells live

31
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny canal that carry nutrients from one lacurae to another

32
Q

Hversion canal or central canal

A

carries blood vessels and nerves to group of lamella belonging to that group (haverism system or osteon)

33
Q

Volkmann’s or Perfecting Canal

A

travel at right angles connecting osteons

34
Q

Blood Characteristics

A
  • matrix is a fluid known as plasma
  • fibers are used for blood clotting (stay in inactive form and do not become visible until the clotting process is activated
  • more matrix than cells
  • cells originate from bone marrow by homocydoblasts (erthrocyte RBC)(leukeocytes WBC)(thrombocytes platelets)

Medical Careers (6 decks)

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