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Histology and Embryology > Connective Tissue Lecture > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is connective tissue bounded by?

A

Basal lamina or external lamina

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2
Q

What is loose Ct called?

A

areolar ct

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3
Q

What are the two types of dense CT?

A

dense regular + dense irregular

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4
Q

Where is Loose CT found?

A

supports epithelial tissue, surrounds BV, fills space between muscles

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5
Q

What is the vascularization of loose CT?

A

well vascularized, CELLULAR

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6
Q

What occurs at loose CT?

A

Diffusion of oxygen/carbdon dioxide and nutrients wastes

Inflammation + immune reaction

Support

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7
Q

Where d you find dense regular CT?

A

Tendons, ligaments, corona

Muscle contraction (attaches muscles to bone)

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8
Q

Where do you find dense irregular CT?

A

skin, GI tract

Tensile strength

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9
Q

What is the defense portion of CT?

A

inflammation + immune reactions

Physical barrier

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10
Q

What are fibers produced by?

A

Fibroblasts

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11
Q

What are the collagen fiber system?

A

Collagen fibers

Reticular fibers

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12
Q

What is the importance of vitamin C in collagen?

A

Scurvy, breakdown of collagen

IMPORTANT FOR HYDROXYLATION OF PROLINE AND LYSINE

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13
Q

What are reticular fibers formed from?

A

Reticular cells of fibroblast

TYPE III collagen fibers (3D network)

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14
Q

What do reticular fibers support?

A

Hemaotpoietic and lymph organs (except thymus)

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15
Q

How is the type of collagen determined?

A

alpha chain of tropocollagen molecules

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16
Q

What is Type 1 Collagen? Where found?

A

Fibril forming collagen

Dermis, tendon, bone, fibrocartilage

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17
Q

What is Type II collagen? Where found?

A

Fibril forming collagen

Hyaline Cartilage, IV discs

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18
Q

What is Type III collagen? Where found?

A

Fibril forming collagen

Reticular Connective Tissue

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19
Q

What is Type IV collagen? Where found?

A

Network forming collagen

Basal lamina

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20
Q

What is Type VII collagen? Where found?

A

Anchoring collagen

Basal Lamina

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21
Q

What does Type 1 collagen do?

A

Resist tension

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22
Q

What does Type II collagen do?

A

Resist pressure

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23
Q

What does Type III collagen do?

A

Maitenance of expansible organs

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24
Q

What does type IV collagen do?

A

Support delicate structures and filtration

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25
What does Type VII collagen do?
connects collagen fibers to basal lamina
26
Where are elastic fibers found?
Walls of BV and ligaments
27
What are the amino acids in elastin repsonbiel for cross linking for stretch?
Desmosine and isodesmosine
28
What is extracellular matrix?
Ground substance and fibers that inform cells about biochemical + mechanical changes in EC environment
29
What are the macromolecules of ground substance?
Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins
30
Why is hyaluronic acid important in connective tissue?
Major component of mucus connective tissue in umbilical cord Major component of cartilage (resist compression, promotes flexibility, shock absorber)
31
What are the proteoglycans?
Aggrecan Syndecan Decorin
32
What are the glycoproteins
Fibronectin | Laminin
33
What is significant about GAGs?
Acidic, negatively charged (attact ions) which attracts water, puffs up like packing peanuts
34
What are the characteritics of hyaluronic acid
Free carbohydrate chain Not covalently bound to protein Cartilage! Insulator to prevent diffusion thru dense network
35
What is on the surface of hyaluronic acid?
LArge rigid non-sulfated GAGS
36
What are hyaluronidases?
Enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid- lowers viscosity of connective tissue and increase permeability Important in drug delivery + bacterial infection Metastatic potential of tumors
37
What are GAGs + hyaluronic acid important for?
``` major component of ECM Immobilize TGFB (regulate cel proliferation) ``` MAjor component of cartilage (resist compression, shock absorption)
38
What is the most common cell type in CT?
fibroblast
39
What are fibroblasts precursors of?
Ground substance, collagen + elastic fibers
40
Do fibroblasts divide?
Rarely, but capable in responsible to injury + inflammation
41
What is the name of a specialized fibroblast
Myofibroblast
42
What do fibroblast produce?
Collagen + elastin precursors Proteoglycans Glycoproteins
43
How do leukocytes get into CT?
Diapedesis: WBC leave blood by migration thru epithelial lining to enter CT Increases during inflammation
44
What are the signs of inflammation?
Rubor et tumor cum calore et dolore (red, swelling, heat pain)
45
What are the structural features of macrophages?
Lysosomes break down phagocytic material (phagocytic vesicles for transient storage) OVAL/KIDNEY shaped nucleus
46
Where do mast cells arise from?
Multipotent hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow
47
How do mast cells circulate? What do they look like?
Circulate in undifferentiated state Oval to round cells with microvilli Nucleus centrally located
48
What do mast cells express?
IgE receptor
49
What does the cytoplasm of mast cells contain?
basophilic secretory granules w/ heparin + histamine, vasoactive mediators + chemotactic factors
50
What kind of cells release chemical mediators that promote allergic reactions known as immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
Mast Cells IgE binds to mast cells
51
What do histamines do?
Increase permeability of BV, increases mucus production (anti-histamine)
52
What is heparin?
Sulfated GAG that is an anticoagulant to treat thrombosis
53
What are serine proteases?
Chylmase involved in angiotensin II and vascular reapir
54
What are ECF and NCF?
Attrach eosinophils and neutrophils to site of inflammation
55
What are TNF-alpha activity?
Cytokine regulates postitvely and negatively
56
What are plasma cells?
Produce antibodies in response to antigens
57
Where are plasma cells found?
Concentrated in areas w/ penetration of foreign material (GI tract)
58
What are the structural features of plasma cells?
Oval cell, eccentric nucleus CLOCK FACE "golgi ghost" Basophilic cytoplasm Well developed ER and golgi apparatus
59
What are the characteristics of lymphocytes?
Nucleus occupies most of cell | Surface markers: T B NK
60
What are the characteristics of eosinophils
Nucleus is BILOBED w/ bright red granules Allergic reactions + parasites
61
What are the characteristics of neutrophils?
Nucleus in 3-5 lobes w/ primary granules
62
What are the characteristics of an adipocytes?
Unilocular (white, common) adipocyte Large lipid droplet w/ cytoplasm ring NUCLEUS ON PERIPHERAL Rich BV w/ RETICULAR FIBERS surrounding the adipocyte
63
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Depot for triglycerides (energy store + insulation from heat loss) Cushion + shock absorber Paracrine + endocrine substances (secrete leptin to regulate food intake)
64
What are adipocytes?
Multilocular (brown adipocyte) which are found in the fetal life+ first decade after birth
65
What are the characteristics of adipocytes
Eccentric nucleus + numerus mitochondria Generate heat more than store

Histology and Embryology (5 decks)

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