Connective Tissue III

Question 1

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 1

• attachment
• Movement
• protection

Question 2

What is the name given to the production of red blood cells in bone marrow?

Answer 2

Haemopoiesis

Question 3

What is the composition of bone?

Answer 3

-25% water
-25% organic material ( includes bone cells as part of matrix)
-50% inorganic material (Calcium hydroxyapatite, mostly calcium and phosphoric salts)

Question 4

Describe the structure of bone?

Answer 4

-calcified ground substance
-forms rigid framework
-contains organic material

Question 5

What are the spaces in bone meshwork filled with?

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

What else does bone structure contain?

Answer 6

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 7

What are the 2 types of bone?

Answer 7

cancellous bone and compact bone

Question 8

Describe cancellous bone

Answer 8

-To the naked eye looks like honey comb “spongy” appearance
-microscopically larger Haversian canals and fewer lamellae

Question 9

What does cancellous bone contain?

Answer 9

Red bone marrow

Question 10

Describe compact bone

Answer 10

-to naked eye compact bone appears solid
-microscopically built up of large numbers of Haversian systems

Question 11

What is the function of compact bone?

Answer 11

-covered by periosteum, attachment for muscles and tendons
-gives protection to bone

Question 12

Describe the microscopic picture of compact bone

Answer 12

• to the naked eye, appears solid
• a series of haversian systems tightly packed together

Question 13

What is lamellae?

Answer 13

A series of cylindrical plates of bone arranged around each central canal

Question 14

What is lacunae?

Answer 14

Sits between lamellae and contains osteocytes

Question 15

What is canliculi?

Answer 15

Tiny channels allowing circulation of fluid through bone

Question 16

What are osteocytes?

Answer 16

Mature bone cells, monitor and maintain bone tissue and are nourished by fluid in canaliculi

Question 17

Describe the composition of cancellous bone?

Answer 17

-forms a spongy inner layer
-consists of bony plates
-makes up a loose network
-surrounding spaces contain bone marrow

Question 18

What are the different types of bone cells?

Answer 18

• osteoblasts
• osteoclasts
• osteocytes

Question 19

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Answer 19

Responsible for bone formation

Question 20

What is the function of oesteoclasts

Answer 20

Their function is the resorption of bone

Question 21

What is the function of cartilage?

Answer 21

• specilised supporting tissue - firm
• does not contain blood vessels
• amorphous gel like structure

Question 22

What is cartilage?

Answer 22

specialised supporting tissue which is firmer than Connective tissue but still felxible

Question 23

What is a chondrocyte?

Answer 23

A chondrocyte is a cartilage producing cell

Question 24

Where are chondrocytes located?

Answer 24

In the lacunae

Question 25

What are the names of different types of cartilage

Answer 25

• hyaline
• elastic
• fibrocartilage
• articular
• epiphyseal

Question 26

Describe articular cartilage

Answer 26

Hyaline cartilage on articular surface of bones eg joints

Question 27

What is epiphyseal cartilage?

Answer 27

• hyaline cartilage plate on end of long bone
• found in children and adolescents eg pre bone

Question 28

Describe hyaline cartilage?

Answer 28

• smooth, white/bluish
• matrix is solid and smooth
• gives flexibility, smooth movement at joints eg larynx, trachea & bronchi

Question 29

Describe fibrocartilage

Answer 29

• white collagen fibres, tough and strong
• eg ligaments, disk of TMJ

Question 30

Describe elastic cartilage

Answer 30

• yellow elastic fibres
• supports and maintains shape eg pinna of ear & epiglottis