connective tissue and muscle

Question 1

tissues named ‘connective tissue’

Answer 1

cartilage, bone, tendons, ligaments

Question 2

features of connective tissue

Answer 2

support cells that maintain tissue are not necessarily attached to each other
majority of vol in most is ECM
other cells present eg Immunological
tissues from mesenchyme

Question 3

mesenchyme

Answer 3

embryonic tissue, associated with mesoderm layer of 3 layer embryo

Question 4

3 types of ECM

Answer 4

fibrillar structures
viscious liquid component
other structures

Question 5

fibrillar structures in ECM

Answer 5

strength against tensile forces applied to tissue

main protein components - collagen, elastin, fibrillin

Question 6

viscous liquid component of ECM

Answer 6

provide resistance to compressive forces
main component - glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans, -ve charged - attract water and Na+ ions
liquid componenyt provides a solvent in which oxygen, nutrients, waste and small signalling molecules can diffuse

Question 7

other molecules in ECM

Answer 7

main func binding to cells via specific cell surface receptors and mediating their attachment to ECM - fibronectin

Question 8

skin histology

Answer 8

outside - epidermis stain pale blue
next dense connective tissue - dermis
individual cells recognised by nuclei separated by pink ECM
next - loose connective tissue with fat cells
last - loose connective tissue without fat cells

Question 9

why does ecm stain pink

Answer 9

high density of collagen

better seen in loose connective tissue, deeper in skin

Question 10

support cells for connective tissue

Answer 10

fibroblasts

spindly shape and pointed looking nuclei

Question 11

cells in loose connective tissue

Answer 11

fibroblasts
lymphocytes - abundant in intestinal where likely to be pathogens
neutrophils - abundant when acute inf response
macrophages
mast cells

Question 12

cells in dense connective tissue

Answer 12

fibroblasts and support cell - synth ECM

Question 13

dense connective tissue

Answer 13

known as dense irregular connective tissue - fibres are randomly orientated to give tissue equal strength in all directions

Question 14

fat cells

Answer 14

appear white and large - 10x diameter of other cells

most of cell is a large lipid droplet with nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles squeezed in a thin rim around the outside

Question 15

stain of cartilage

Answer 15

large purple

Question 16

stain of supporting cells

Answer 16

blue nuclei

Question 17

support cells of cartilage

Answer 17

chondrocytes
separated from each other
lie in pale staining regions - lacunae

Question 18

why cant you see structure of eCM in cartilage sample

Answer 18

dense, fine network of collagen and GAGs rich in sulphated sugars provide homogenous appearance in hyaline cartilage

Question 19

fibrocartilage

Answer 19

thicker collagen fibres orientated to provide strength in particular direction eg in the pubic symphysis or intervertebral disks

Question 20

elastic cartilage

Answer 20

contains additional elastin fibres to provide pliability and resilience

Question 21

why is cartilage unusual

Answer 21

no bv

substances reach chondrocytes by diffusion