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Histology Exam 1 TonyFrim > Connective Tissue and ECM > Flashcards

Connective Tissue and ECM Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue consists of cells embedded in an

A

extracellular matrix

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2
Q

Connective tissue is composed of

A

fibers, amorphous ground substance, and tissue fluid

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3
Q

Connective tissue is classified based on

A

type of cells, type and arrangement of fibers, character of ground substance

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4
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue (4)

A

1)Structural support 2) exchange medium between blood and tissues 3)defense and protection 4)fat storage

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5
Q

Most connective originates from what germ layer?

A

Mesoderm

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6
Q

Fibroblasts

A

CT cell, secretes proteoglycans , glycoproteins, different collagen types (especially Type I) and elastin

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7
Q

Fibroblast arise from what type of cells

A

mesenchymal cells

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8
Q

Shape of fibroblasts

A

Spindle shaped

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9
Q

Fibrocytes

A

When fibroblasts are quiescent (smaller and more slender)

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10
Q

When actively making ECM components, fibroblasts have well developed…

A

rER and Golgi

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11
Q

Adipocytes arise from what type of cell

A

Mesenchymal cells

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12
Q

Adipocytes are surrounded by

A

basal lamina

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13
Q

What forms can adipocytes be found in

A

unilocular (white) and multilocular (brown)

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14
Q

Unilocular cells with a single large fat droplet have

A

receptors for insulin, growth hormone, norepinephrine, and glucocorticoids

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15
Q

Two uses for adipocytes include

A

fat storage (white) or heat generation (brown)

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16
Q

Macrophages originate from ______ _______ as ______

A

bone marrow ; monocytes

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17
Q

3 different phenotypes of macrophages in the body and where they are located

A

Kuppfer cells in liver; osteoclasts in bone; microglia in CNS

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18
Q

Function of macrophage

A

phagocytic but also regulator of immune system

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19
Q

Mast cells contain Fc receptors for

A

IgE

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20
Q

Important mediator of allergic hypersensitivity reactions (asthma, hay fever, eczema)

A

Mast cells

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21
Q

Mast cells arise from what cells

A

Mast cells arise from myeloid stem cell during hematopoiesis

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22
Q

Mast cells release mediators that are

A

vasoactive or increase inflammatory response

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23
Q

Some mediators released by mast cells

A

leukotriene C, heparin, histamine, eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), aryl sulfatase, neutral protease and neutrophil chemotactic factor

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24
Q

Mast cells contain _____________ staining granules

A

metachromatic

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25
Q

Mast cells mediate why type of hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type I hypersensitivity reactions

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26
Q

Antibody producing cells that arise from activated B lymphocytes (ovoid with eccentrically placed nucleus with spoke-wheel arranged heterochromatin)

A

Plasma cells

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27
Q

Lymphocytes arise from what type of cells in bone marrow

A

Lymphoid stem cells

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28
Q

Where do T cells differentiate

A

Thymus

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29
Q

B cells function in ________ immune response

A

humoral

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30
Q

T cell function in ____________ immunity

A

cell-mediated

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31
Q

First cell that appears in inflammatory response

A

Neutrophils

32
Q

Neutrophils

A

contain specific granules and azurophilic granules; trilobed nucleus; Phagocytic

33
Q

Most abundant WBC in bloodstream

A

Neutrophils

34
Q

Bind to antigen-Ab complex on parasite surface and release cytotoxins

A

Eosinophils

35
Q

Eosinophils contain enzymes that

A

cleave histamine and leukotriene C to moderate allergic reaction

36
Q

Eosinophil nucleus is

37
Q

Eosinophil granules contain

A

crystalloid inclusions

38
Q

Pericytes

A

mesenchymal-like stem cells. Found around capillaries

39
Q

Role of pericytes in wound healing

A

In wound healing, pericytes may differentiate into fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells

40
Q

Mucous CT

A

Jelly like matrix containing some collagen and fibroblasts

41
Q

Main component of umbilical cord

A

Mucous CT (Wharton’s jelly)

42
Q

Amorphous matrix with some reticular fibers and mesenchymal cells. (CT present in embryos)

A

Mesenchymal CT

43
Q

Specialized CT

A

bone, cartilage, blood

44
Q

Loose CT

A

Well vasularized with abundant ground substance and small nerve fibers (Fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, mesenchymal cells all may be present)

45
Q

Dense irregular CT

A

Fiber bundles have no particular orientation. (most abundant type of DENSE CT; found in dermis, organ capsules)

46
Q

Dense regular CT

A

Fiber bundles arranged in uniform manner. (Contain fibrocytes)

47
Q

Dense regular CT is only found in

A

tendons and ligaments

48
Q

ECM consists of

A

ground substance, fibers and tissue fluid

49
Q

Ground substance consists of

A

proteoglycans

50
Q

Proteoglycans

A

core protein with covalently linked glycosaminoglycans

51
Q

Glycosaminoglycans

A

unbranched polymers of repeating disaccharides which may be sulfated or nonsulfated

52
Q

To form large aggregates(aggrecan) proteoglycans may attach to _______ _____ via core protein

A

hyaluronic acid

53
Q

Glycoproteins

A

macromolecules that bind ECM components to each other and to cell integrins

54
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

Glycosaminoglycan of repeating disaccharide units with D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfated at 4 or 6 position

55
Q

Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in

A

hyaline and elastic cartilage

56
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Free in ECM. Component of cartilage, synovial fluid, citrous humor. Nonsulfated. Helps maintain hydration of cartilage.

57
Q

Fibronectin

A

460K MW glycoprotein with 2 subunits bound together by -S-S- bridges. Cellular form widely found in CT cells and cell surfaces.Binds collagen, heparin, and mediates cell adhesion to ECM.

58
Q

Laminin

A

Component of basement membranes. 2 polypeptide chains that form cross shaped aggregate. Binds to INTEGRINS, heparan sulfate, type IV collagen and entactins.

59
Q

Tenascin

A

Adhesin GP found in embryonic tissues. function in cell migration

60
Q

Tenascin is secreted by

A

glial cells of developing nervous system

61
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Composed of type 1 collagen; consists of closely packed 75nm diameter tropocollagen fibrils

62
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Primarily type III collagen; argyrophilic staining(silver); loosely packed 45nm diameter tropocollagen fibrils

63
Q

Elastic fibers consist of

A

elastin and fibrillin microfibrils in amorphous elastin

64
Q

Type I collagen

A

(90% of collagen in body) Bone, skin, tendons, dentin, scar tissue. Fibroblast, osteoblast, odontoblast

65
Q

Type II collagen

A

Hyaline cartilage and some in elastic cartilage. Also vitreous body of eye and nucleus pulpous of IV discs. Chondroblast

66
Q

Type III collagen

A

Fetal skin, reticular fibers.Granulation tissue. Fibroblasts, SMC, Schwann cell, hepatocyte

67
Q

Type IV collagen

A

Basement membranes. fibrils have no striations

68
Q

Type VII collagen

A

Beneath epithelial basement membranes. Fibrils anchor basement membrane to connective tissue

69
Q

Elastin

A

Amorphous structural protein; molecules highly cross linked via lysine residues

70
Q

2 unusual amino acids in elastin

A

desmosine and isodesmosine

71
Q

Fibrillin (Type I and II)

A

Component of peripheral microfibrils around elastic fibers

72
Q

Glycoprotein that helps link fibrillin together

A

MAGP (microfibril-associated glycoprotein)

73
Q

ECM remodeling

A

process involves breakdown of existing, and synthesis and deposition of new ECM proteins

74
Q

Main class of proteolytic enzymes involved in ECM remodeling

A

matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS)

75
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency; decreased proline hydroxylation of collagen

76
Q

Plasma form of ______ dissolved in blood and involved in clotting and wound healing

A

Fibronectin

Histology Exam 1 TonyFrim (8 decks)

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