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Histology Exam 1 TonyFrim > Connective Tissue and ECM > Flashcards

Connective Tissue and ECM Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Connective tissue consists of cells embedded in an

A

extracellular matrix

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2
Q

Connective tissue is composed of

A

fibers, amorphous ground substance, and tissue fluid

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3
Q

Connective tissue is classified based on

A

type of cells, type and arrangement of fibers, character of ground substance

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4
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue (4)

A

1)Structural support 2) exchange medium between blood and tissues 3)defense and protection 4)fat storage

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5
Q

Most connective originates from what germ layer?

A

Mesoderm

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6
Q

Fibroblasts

A

CT cell, secretes proteoglycans , glycoproteins, different collagen types (especially Type I) and elastin

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7
Q

Fibroblast arise from what type of cells

A

mesenchymal cells

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8
Q

Shape of fibroblasts

A

Spindle shaped

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9
Q

Fibrocytes

A

When fibroblasts are quiescent (smaller and more slender)

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10
Q

When actively making ECM components, fibroblasts have well developed…

A

rER and Golgi

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11
Q

Adipocytes arise from what type of cell

A

Mesenchymal cells

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12
Q

Adipocytes are surrounded by

A

basal lamina

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13
Q

What forms can adipocytes be found in

A

unilocular (white) and multilocular (brown)

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14
Q

Unilocular cells with a single large fat droplet have

A

receptors for insulin, growth hormone, norepinephrine, and glucocorticoids

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15
Q

Two uses for adipocytes include

A

fat storage (white) or heat generation (brown)

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16
Q

Macrophages originate from ______ _______ as ______

A

bone marrow ; monocytes

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17
Q

3 different phenotypes of macrophages in the body and where they are located

A

Kuppfer cells in liver; osteoclasts in bone; microglia in CNS

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18
Q

Function of macrophage

A

phagocytic but also regulator of immune system

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19
Q

Mast cells contain Fc receptors for

A

IgE

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20
Q

Important mediator of allergic hypersensitivity reactions (asthma, hay fever, eczema)

A

Mast cells

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21
Q

Mast cells arise from what cells

A

Mast cells arise from myeloid stem cell during hematopoiesis

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22
Q

Mast cells release mediators that are

A

vasoactive or increase inflammatory response

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23
Q

Some mediators released by mast cells

A

leukotriene C, heparin, histamine, eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), aryl sulfatase, neutral protease and neutrophil chemotactic factor

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24
Q

Mast cells contain _____________ staining granules

A

metachromatic

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25
Mast cells mediate why type of hypersensitivity reactions
Type I hypersensitivity reactions
26
Antibody producing cells that arise from activated B lymphocytes (ovoid with eccentrically placed nucleus with spoke-wheel arranged heterochromatin)
Plasma cells
27
Lymphocytes arise from what type of cells in bone marrow
Lymphoid stem cells
28
Where do T cells differentiate
Thymus
29
B cells function in ________ immune response
humoral
30
T cell function in ____________ immunity
cell-mediated
31
First cell that appears in inflammatory response
Neutrophils
32
Neutrophils
contain specific granules and azurophilic granules; trilobed nucleus; Phagocytic
33
Most abundant WBC in bloodstream
Neutrophils
34
Bind to antigen-Ab complex on parasite surface and release cytotoxins
Eosinophils
35
Eosinophils contain enzymes that
cleave histamine and leukotriene C to moderate allergic reaction
36
Eosinophil nucleus is
bilobed
37
Eosinophil granules contain
crystalloid inclusions
38
Pericytes
mesenchymal-like stem cells. Found around capillaries
39
Role of pericytes in wound healing
In wound healing, pericytes may differentiate into fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells
40
Mucous CT
Jelly like matrix containing some collagen and fibroblasts
41
Main component of umbilical cord
Mucous CT (Wharton's jelly)
42
Amorphous matrix with some reticular fibers and mesenchymal cells. (CT present in embryos)
Mesenchymal CT
43
Specialized CT
bone, cartilage, blood
44
Loose CT
Well vasularized with abundant ground substance and small nerve fibers (Fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells, mesenchymal cells all may be present)
45
Dense irregular CT
Fiber bundles have no particular orientation. (most abundant type of DENSE CT; found in dermis, organ capsules)
46
Dense regular CT
Fiber bundles arranged in uniform manner. (Contain fibrocytes)
47
Dense regular CT is only found in
tendons and ligaments
48
ECM consists of
ground substance, fibers and tissue fluid
49
Ground substance consists of
proteoglycans
50
Proteoglycans
core protein with covalently linked glycosaminoglycans
51
Glycosaminoglycans
unbranched polymers of repeating disaccharides which may be sulfated or nonsulfated
52
To form large aggregates(aggrecan) proteoglycans may attach to _______ _____ via core protein
hyaluronic acid
53
Glycoproteins
macromolecules that bind ECM components to each other and to cell integrins
54
Chondroitin sulfate
Glycosaminoglycan of repeating disaccharide units with D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfated at 4 or 6 position
55
Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in
hyaline and elastic cartilage
56
Hyaluronic acid
Free in ECM. Component of cartilage, synovial fluid, citrous humor. Nonsulfated. Helps maintain hydration of cartilage.
57
Fibronectin
460K MW glycoprotein with 2 subunits bound together by -S-S- bridges. Cellular form widely found in CT cells and cell surfaces.Binds collagen, heparin, and mediates cell adhesion to ECM.
58
Laminin
Component of basement membranes. 2 polypeptide chains that form cross shaped aggregate. Binds to INTEGRINS, heparan sulfate, type IV collagen and entactins.
59
Tenascin
Adhesin GP found in embryonic tissues. function in cell migration
60
Tenascin is secreted by
glial cells of developing nervous system
61
Collagen fibers
Composed of type 1 collagen; consists of closely packed 75nm diameter tropocollagen fibrils
62
Reticular fibers
Primarily type III collagen; argyrophilic staining(silver); loosely packed 45nm diameter tropocollagen fibrils
63
Elastic fibers consist of
elastin and fibrillin microfibrils in amorphous elastin
64
Type I collagen
(90% of collagen in body) Bone, skin, tendons, dentin, scar tissue. Fibroblast, osteoblast, odontoblast
65
Type II collagen
Hyaline cartilage and some in elastic cartilage. Also vitreous body of eye and nucleus pulpous of IV discs. Chondroblast
66
Type III collagen
Fetal skin, reticular fibers.Granulation tissue. Fibroblasts, SMC, Schwann cell, hepatocyte
67
Type IV collagen
Basement membranes. fibrils have no striations
68
Type VII collagen
Beneath epithelial basement membranes. Fibrils anchor basement membrane to connective tissue
69
Elastin
Amorphous structural protein; molecules highly cross linked via lysine residues
70
2 unusual amino acids in elastin
desmosine and isodesmosine
71
Fibrillin (Type I and II)
Component of peripheral microfibrils around elastic fibers
72
Glycoprotein that helps link fibrillin together
MAGP (microfibril-associated glycoprotein)
73
ECM remodeling
process involves breakdown of existing, and synthesis and deposition of new ECM proteins
74
Main class of proteolytic enzymes involved in ECM remodeling
matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS)
75
Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency; decreased proline hydroxylation of collagen
76
Plasma form of ______ dissolved in blood and involved in clotting and wound healing
Fibronectin

Histology Exam 1 TonyFrim (8 decks)

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