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A&P 1 Chapter 4 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are special cells that have solid extracellular PROTEIN FIBERS and fluid extracellular GROUND SUBSTANCE.

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

What makes up most of the tissue volume in connective tissue and determines specialized function?

A

The Matrix

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3
Q

What are the six FUNCTIONS of connective tissue?

A

1 - SETS UP framework

2 - TRANSPORTS fluids/dissolve materials

3 - PROTECTS organs

4 - SUPPORT/CONNECTS other tissue

5 - STORES energy

6 - DEFENDS from invasion

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4
Q

What are the three types of CONNECTIVE TISSUES?

A

1 - Connective tissue proper (CTP)

2 - Fluid connective tissue

3 - Supporting connective tissue

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5
Q

Which of the two categories does a tissue belong to when it has MORE ground substance and FEWER fibers?

A

Loose connective tissue

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6
Q

Which of the two categories does a tissue belong to when it has MORE fibers and FEWER ground substance?

A

Dense connective tissue

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7
Q

What are the 8 different types of CTPs?

A 
1 - Fibroblasts
2 - Fibrocytes
3 - Adipocytes
4 - Mesenchymal cells
5 - Macrophages
6 - Mast cells
7 - Lymphocytes
8 - Microphages
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8
Q

What type of CTP is found in ALL of them and gives out PROTEINS and HYALURONAN (cell cement)?

A

Fibroblasts

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9
Q

What type of CTP is found in ALL of them and maintains the FIBERS?

A

Fibrocytes

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10
Q

What type of CTP is found in FAT cells and stores 1, large, fat droplet?

A

Adipocytes

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11
Q

What type of CTP is found in STEM CELLS, respond to injury/infections, and differ in fibroblasts and macrophages?

A

Mesenchymal cells

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12
Q

What type of CTP are like the amoeba cells of the immune system that eat pathogens/damaged cells, STAY in tissue when it’s FIXED, and moves when it’s FREE?

A

Macrophages

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13
Q

What type of CTP starts inflammation after injury/infection and release HISTAMINE and HEPARIN

A

Mast cells

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14
Q

What type of CTP are the immune cells of the lymphatic system and may turn into PLASMA CELLS that make the antibodies?

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q

What type of CTP are the phagocytic blood cells that RESPOND to signs from macrophage and mast cells?

A

Microphages

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16
Q

What type of CTF is the most common, long, straight, unbranched, strong/flexible, resists force in ONE direction and make up tendons & ligaments?

A

Collagen fibers

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17
Q

What type of CTF is a network of woven fibers, strong/flexible, resist force in MANY directions, stabilize working cell structure, and are found in sheaths around organs?

A

Reticular fibers

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18
Q

What type of CTF contains “elastin”, are branched/wavy, return to original length after stretching (slinky), and make up the elastic ligaments of vertebrae?

A

Elastic fibers

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19
Q

What are the three types of CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS?

A

1 - Collagen fibers
2 - Reticular fibers
3 - Elastic fibers

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20
Q

What it the clear, colorless, and viscous (thick substance) that fills spaces between cells and slows pathogen movement?

A

Ground substance

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21
Q

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A

1 - Areolar tissue

2 - Adipose tissue

3 - Reticular tissue

22
Q

What type of loose connective tissue is least special, has open framework, viscous ground substance, elastic fibers, holds blood vessels and capillary beds? (under skin)

A

Areolar tissue

23
Q

What type of loose connective tissue contains many adipocytes and has 2 types of adipose tissues such as WHITE FAT and BROWN FAT?

A

Adipose tissue

24
Q

Which type of fat is most common, stores fat, absorbs shocks, and slows heat loss? (regular fat)

A

White fat

25
Q

Which type of fat is more vascularized, their adipocytes have many mitochondria, releases energy when fat breakdown accelerates, and absorbs energy from surrounding tissue?

A

Brown fat

26
Q

Why do adipocytes expand to store fat and shrink as fats are released?

A

Adipocytes in adults DO NOT DIVIDE

27
Q

Why does mesenchymal cells produce more fat cells when more storage is needed?

A

Mesenchymal cells DIVIDE and DIFFERENTIATE

28
Q

What type of connective tissue provides supporting framework, has complex, 3 dimensional network, supportive fibers such as stroma, and have reticular organs such as spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow?

A

Reticular tissue

29
Q

What CTP is tightly packed with collagen or elastic fibers?

A

Dense connective tissues

30
Q

What are the three types of dense connective tissues?

A

1 - Dense regular connective tissue

2 - Dense irregular tissue

3 - Elastic tissue

31
Q

Which dense connective tissue is tightly packed, have parallel collagen fibers and is in between tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses?

A

Dense REGULAR connective tissue

32
Q

Which dense connective tissue is interwoven networks of collagen fibers which are found layered in skin, around cartilage (perichondrium), bones (periosteum), and form capsules around some organs?

A

Dense IRREGULAR connective tissue

33
Q

What is the function of dense IRREGULAR connective tissue?

A
  • Strength to resist force in different directions

- prevents over expansion

34
Q

What is the function of dense REGULAR connective tissue?

A
  • Firm attachment
  • conducts pull
  • reduces friction
35
Q

Which dense connective tissue is made of elastic fibers such as elastic ligaments of the spinal vertebrae?

A

Elastic tissue

36
Q

What are the functions of elastic tissue? (vertebrae)

A
  • Stabilize positions
  • Cushion shocks
  • allows expansion/contraction
37
Q

What type of connective tissue has blood and lymph, is a watery matrix, and carry specific cells?

A

Fluid connective tissue

38
Q

What are the three formed elements of blood?

A

1 - red blood cells (erythrocytes)

2 - white blood cells (leukocytes)

3 - platelets

39
Q

What are the elements of FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE?

A
  • extracellular
  • plasma
  • interstitial fluid
  • lymph
40
Q

What type of connective tissue supports soft tissues and body weight?

A

Supporting connective tissues

41
Q

What are the two types of supporting connective tissues?

A

1 - Cartilage

2 - Bone

42
Q

Which of the two types of supporting connective tissues has gel-type ground substance, is used for absorbing shock, and protection?

A

Cartilage

43
Q

Which of the two types of supporting connective tissues is calcified (made of salts) and for weight support?

A

Bone

44
Q

What is made of proteoglycans from chondroitin sulfates and ground substance proteins in supporting connective tissues?

A

Cartilage Matrix

45
Q

What cells in the supporting connective tissues is surrounded by lacunae (chambers)?

A

Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)

46
Q

What has no blood vessels and it’s chondrocytes produce ANTIANGIOGENESIS FACTOR in supporting connective tissues?

A

Cartilage Structure

47
Q

What has an outer, fibrous layer (strength) and inner, cellular layer (for growth) in supporting connective tissues?

A

Perichondrium

48
Q

What are the three types of CARTILAGES in supporting connective tissues?

A

1 - Hyaline cartilage

2 - Elastic cartilage

3 - Fibrocartilage

49
Q

Which cartilage is stiff/flexible support, reduces friction, and found in synovial joints, ribs, sternum, and trachea?

A

Hyaline cartilage

50
Q

Which cartilage is supportive but bends easily and found in external ear and epiglottis?

A

Elastic cartilage

51
Q

Which cartilage limits movement, prevents bone-to-bone contact, pads knee joints, and found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs? (disc bulge)

A

Fibrocartilage

52
Q

What tissue is strong (salt deposits), resists shattering, has bone cells or osteocytes, arranged around central canals, and has small channels through matrix (canaliculi) access blood supply?

A

Bone or Osseous Tissue

A&P 1 Chapter 4 (3 decks)

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