Connective Tissue Flashcards by Francia Marie

What are special cells that have solid extracellular PROTEIN FIBERS and fluid extracellular GROUND SUBSTANCE.

Connective Tissue

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What makes up most of the tissue volume in connective tissue and determines specialized function?

The Matrix

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What are the six FUNCTIONS of connective tissue?

1 - SETS UP framework

2 - TRANSPORTS fluids/dissolve materials

3 - PROTECTS organs

4 - SUPPORT/CONNECTS other tissue

5 - STORES energy

6 - DEFENDS from invasion

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What are the three types of CONNECTIVE TISSUES?

1 - Connective tissue proper (CTP)

2 - Fluid connective tissue

3 - Supporting connective tissue

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Which of the two categories does a tissue belong to when it has MORE ground substance and FEWER fibers?

Loose connective tissue

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Which of the two categories does a tissue belong to when it has MORE fibers and FEWER ground substance?

Dense connective tissue

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What are the 8 different types of CTPs?

1 - Fibroblasts
2 - Fibrocytes
3 - Adipocytes
4 - Mesenchymal cells
5 - Macrophages
6 - Mast cells
7 - Lymphocytes
8 - Microphages

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What type of CTP is found in ALL of them and gives out PROTEINS and HYALURONAN (cell cement)?

Fibroblasts

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What type of CTP is found in ALL of them and maintains the FIBERS?

Fibrocytes

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What type of CTP is found in FAT cells and stores 1, large, fat droplet?

Adipocytes

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What type of CTP is found in STEM CELLS, respond to injury/infections, and differ in fibroblasts and macrophages?

Mesenchymal cells

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What type of CTP are like the amoeba cells of the immune system that eat pathogens/damaged cells, STAY in tissue when it’s FIXED, and moves when it’s FREE?

Macrophages

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What type of CTP starts inflammation after injury/infection and release HISTAMINE and HEPARIN

Mast cells

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What type of CTP are the immune cells of the lymphatic system and may turn into PLASMA CELLS that make the antibodies?

Lymphocytes

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What type of CTP are the phagocytic blood cells that RESPOND to signs from macrophage and mast cells?

Microphages

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What type of CTF is the most common, long, straight, unbranched, strong/flexible, resists force in ONE direction and make up tendons & ligaments?

Collagen fibers

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What type of CTF is a network of woven fibers, strong/flexible, resist force in MANY directions, stabilize working cell structure, and are found in sheaths around organs?

Reticular fibers

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What type of CTF contains “elastin”, are branched/wavy, return to original length after stretching (slinky), and make up the elastic ligaments of vertebrae?

Elastic fibers

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What are the three types of CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS?

1 - Collagen fibers
2 - Reticular fibers
3 - Elastic fibers

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What it the clear, colorless, and viscous (thick substance) that fills spaces between cells and slows pathogen movement?

Ground substance

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What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

1 - Areolar tissue

2 - Adipose tissue

3 - Reticular tissue

What type of loose connective tissue is least special, has open framework, viscous ground substance, elastic fibers, holds blood vessels and capillary beds? (under skin)

Areolar tissue

What type of loose connective tissue contains many adipocytes and has 2 types of adipose tissues such as WHITE FAT and BROWN FAT?

Adipose tissue

Which type of fat is most common, stores fat, absorbs shocks, and slows heat loss? (regular fat)

White fat

Which type of fat is more vascularized, their adipocytes have many mitochondria, releases energy when fat breakdown accelerates, and absorbs energy from surrounding tissue?

Brown fat

Why do adipocytes expand to store fat and shrink as fats are released?

Adipocytes in adults DO NOT DIVIDE

Why does mesenchymal cells produce more fat cells when more storage is needed?

Mesenchymal cells DIVIDE and DIFFERENTIATE

What type of connective tissue provides supporting framework, has complex, 3 dimensional network, supportive fibers such as stroma, and have reticular organs such as spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow?

Reticular tissue

What CTP is tightly packed with collagen or elastic fibers?

Dense connective tissues

What are the three types of dense connective tissues?

1 - Dense regular connective tissue 2 - Dense irregular tissue 3 - Elastic tissue

Which dense connective tissue is tightly packed, have parallel collagen fibers and is in between tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses?

Dense REGULAR connective tissue

Which dense connective tissue is interwoven networks of collagen fibers which are found layered in skin, around cartilage (perichondrium), bones (periosteum), and form capsules around some organs?

Dense IRREGULAR connective tissue

What is the function of dense IRREGULAR connective tissue?

- Strength to resist force in different directions | - prevents over expansion

What is the function of dense REGULAR connective tissue?

- Firm attachment - conducts pull - reduces friction

Which dense connective tissue is made of elastic fibers such as elastic ligaments of the spinal vertebrae?

Elastic tissue

What are the functions of elastic tissue? (vertebrae)

- Stabilize positions - Cushion shocks - allows expansion/contraction

What type of connective tissue has blood and lymph, is a watery matrix, and carry specific cells?

Fluid connective tissue

What are the three formed elements of blood?

1 - red blood cells (erythrocytes) 2 - white blood cells (leukocytes) 3 - platelets

What are the elements of FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE?

- extracellular - plasma - interstitial fluid - lymph

What type of connective tissue supports soft tissues and body weight?

Supporting connective tissues

What are the two types of supporting connective tissues?

1 - Cartilage | 2 - Bone

Which of the two types of supporting connective tissues has gel-type ground substance, is used for absorbing shock, and protection?

Cartilage

Which of the two types of supporting connective tissues is calcified (made of salts) and for weight support?

Bone

What is made of proteoglycans from chondroitin sulfates and ground substance proteins in supporting connective tissues?

Cartilage Matrix

What cells in the supporting connective tissues is surrounded by lacunae (chambers)?

Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)

What has no blood vessels and it's chondrocytes produce ANTIANGIOGENESIS FACTOR in supporting connective tissues?

Cartilage Structure

What has an outer, fibrous layer (strength) and inner, cellular layer (for growth) in supporting connective tissues?

Perichondrium

What are the three types of CARTILAGES in supporting connective tissues?

1 - Hyaline cartilage 2 - Elastic cartilage 3 - Fibrocartilage

Which cartilage is stiff/flexible support, reduces friction, and found in synovial joints, ribs, sternum, and trachea?

Hyaline cartilage

Which cartilage is supportive but bends easily and found in external ear and epiglottis?

Elastic cartilage

Which cartilage limits movement, prevents bone-to-bone contact, pads knee joints, and found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs? (disc bulge)

Fibrocartilage

What tissue is strong (salt deposits), resists shattering, has bone cells or osteocytes, arranged around central canals, and has small channels through matrix (canaliculi) access blood supply?

Bone or Osseous Tissue