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A&P 1 Chapter 4 > Chapter 1 & 4 Exam > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What system provides protection and support for the body, attachment sites for muscle and movement are functions of the _____________ system?

A

Skeletal

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2
Q

What system regulates blood volume and pressure, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance?

A

Urinary system

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3
Q

What organ system stores 99% of your calcium and is critical for blood cell formation?

A

Skeletal system

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4
Q

What is the system that exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen is the _____ system, whereas the system that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide is the ______ system?

A

Respiratory - Circulatory

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5
Q

What two systems control and coordinate the trillions of body cells?

A

Endocrine - Nervous

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6
Q

What system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients?

A

Digestive system

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7
Q

The brain, spinal cord and nerves are organs of the _____________ system?

A

Nervous

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8
Q

What subdivision of the cavity contains the spleen, pancreas, and kidneys?

A

Abdominal cavity

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9
Q

What subdivision of the cavity contains the urinary bladder and part of large intestine?

A

Pelvic cavity

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10
Q

What is the directional term of depicted of a person standing and lines go down the middle of body? |

A

Medial (left)

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11
Q

What is the directional term of depicted of a person standing and lines go down the middle of body? > |

A

Lateral (right)

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12
Q

The anatomical term “digital” refers to which part(s) of the body?

A

Toe - Finger

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13
Q

A person lying facedown is in the ________ position?

A

Prone

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14
Q

What are the locations of serous membranes?

A

Covering organs within body cavities

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15
Q

The anterior region of the chest is the ____________ region.

A

Pectoral

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16
Q

A cut through the body parallel to the floor that divides the body into superior and inferior parts is called a ____________ plane?

A

Transverse

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17
Q

The cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction is known as ________ feedback.

A

Positive feedback

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18
Q

The serous membrane associated with the internal organs of the abdominalpelvic cavity is called what?

A

Peritoneum

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19
Q

The anatomical term that is usually synonymous with “superior” in humans and means towards the head are called?

A

Cranial - Cephalic

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20
Q

A structure located toward the back or behind another is _______ to it?

A

Posterior

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21
Q

What system provides protection, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production?

A

Integumentary system

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22
Q

What are the correct terms for each body part or region?

  1. Ear
  2. Wrist
  3. Cheek
  4. Forehead
  5. Chin
  6. Armpit
A
  1. Otic
  2. Carpal
  3. Buccal
  4. Frontal
  5. Mental
  6. Axillary
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23
Q

What is the serous membranes associated with the heart?

A

Pericardial membranes

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24
Q

A structure described as _______ is closer to the surface?

A

Superficial

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25
Q

What serous membrane lines the cavity holding the heart?

A

Parietal pericardium

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26
Q

In terms of position or direction in the body, the knuckles of the digits are ______ to the nails.

A

Proximal

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27
Q

The pleural cavity is the space between the two serous membranes surrounding what?

A

Lungs

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28
Q

The groin is specifically referred to as the _______ region?

A

Inguinal

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29
Q

A structure described as _________ is furthest from the surface?

A

Deep

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30
Q

Proximal and distal are used with what body parts?

A

Legs - Arms

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31
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms are less common in healthy individuals than negative feedback mechanisms. TRUE or FALSE

A

True

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32
Q

What are the functions of the control center within a feedback mechanism?

A
  • Receive and process info
  • Control effectors
  • Establish set point
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33
Q

If you are lying on the ground in the supine position, your chest is ______ to your back?

A

Anterior

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34
Q

What type of study is performed when you identify the heart wall consists of three layers?

A

Anatomy

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35
Q

The serous membrane marked in the image by the blue arrow is called the ____ membrane?

A

Pleural

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36
Q

On the head, the skin is _____________ to the skull.

A

Superficial

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37
Q

A midsagittal plane divides the body into what equal portions?

A

Left and Right

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38
Q

What organs make up the reproductive system?

A
  • Uterus
  • Testes
  • Ovaries
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39
Q

Name the organ system with the body part:

  1. Spinal Cord
  2. Kidney
  3. Stomach
  4. Skin
  5. Adrenal Gland
A
  1. Nervous
  2. Urinary
  3. Digestive
  4. Integumentary
  5. Endocrine
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40
Q

What are the organs of the urinary system?

A
  • Kidneys

- Ureters

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41
Q

Bodily changes are detected and responses are activated that reverse the change and restore stability and preserve normal body function during what feedback?

A

Negative

42
Q

What body structures are lined with synovial membranes?

A

Knees - Elbows

43
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the stomach, intestines, uterus, and uterine tubes?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

44
Q

The number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial cells (top layer) are two criteria used to classify what tissue?

A

Epithelial

45
Q

Simple squamous epithelium is best suited for?

A

Areas that allow diffusion of substances across the epithelium.

46
Q

Name the cartilage to its location:

  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
A
  1. Tip of ear
  2. Auricle of ear
  3. Between vertebrae
47
Q

The sac-like gland type shown in the image below is a compound ___________ gland?

A

Acinar

48
Q

A tissue that consists of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered would be classified as a type of dense connective tissue? TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

49
Q

The secretion produced by goblet cells is called ?

A

Mucous

50
Q

What are the two criteria used to classify the different types of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Shape of cells

- Number of cells

51
Q

What class of tissue is comprised of widely-spaced cells and abundant extracellular material?

A

Connective tissue

52
Q

Is stratified squamous epithelium keratinized or nonkeratinized?

A

Keratinized

53
Q

Which of the four tissue types is the most diverse?

A

Connective tissue

54
Q

What are the two types of muscle tissue?

A
  • Smooth

- Cardiac

55
Q

Which type of epithelium makes up the air sacs of the lungs, inner lining of the heart and blood vessels and the serous membranes of the viscera?

A

Simple squamous

56
Q

The surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane is its ____________ surface.

A

Basal

57
Q

An exocrine gland that is classified as simple has what?

A

Unbranched duct

58
Q

What type of loose connective tissue is found around blood vessels and nerves and under epithelium, holding these structures in place?

A

Areolar

59
Q

The stretching of epithelium tissues to allow the filling of the urinary bladder is aided by ________ epithelium.

A

Transitional

60
Q

Where is adipose tissue found?

A
  • deep in dermis of skin
  • surrounding kidneys
  • within breasts
  • within orbits
61
Q

Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are tapered, nonstriated, have a single nucleus and are under involuntary control?

A

Smooth muscle

62
Q

An epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells that lie directly on the basement membrane is called what?

A

Simple

63
Q

In what type of gland is the top portion of the cell lost as the secretion is released?

A

Apocrine gland

64
Q

Considering only the number of cell layers, the type of epithelium with multiple flat cells is called?

A

Stratified

65
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A
  • Attachment of tissue
  • Support
  • Transports nutrients
  • Storage of energy
66
Q

Glands that release their secretion onto a body surface are called?

A

Exocrine glands

67
Q

glands while glands that release their secretions into the blood are called?

A

Endocrine glands

68
Q

What are the different types of supportive connective tissues?

A
  • Cartilage
69
Q

Where is reticular connective tissue found?

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Bone Marrow
70
Q

Areolar connective tissue is a a type of __________ connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue

71
Q

Tendons and ligaments are comprised of __________ connective tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue

72
Q

The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular ______________?

A

Matrix

73
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

Attach epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue.

74
Q

Dense regular connective tissue is found where?

A

Tendons - Ligaments

75
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous lines what part of the body?

A

Anus

76
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous lines what part of the body?

A

Mouth

77
Q

What cell is a mucus secreting gland cell found in the epithelia of many mucous membranes?

A

Goblet cell

78
Q

Structures found on the free surface of some epithelium which are mobile and function to move materials across the free surface are called?

A

Cilia

79
Q

What are two types of supporting connective tissues?

A
  • Bone

- Cartilage

80
Q

What two structures are part of intercalated discs?

A
  • Gap junctions

- Desmosomes

81
Q

Areolar and adipose tissue are two examples of what?

A

Loose connective tissue

82
Q

The epithelial cell that has tall columnar cells where all cells have contact with the basal surface but do not reach the free surface is ____________ columnar epitheliump?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

83
Q

An exocrine gland with multiple secretory regions emptying into a single unbranched duct is called a (n) ________ gland.

A

Branched

84
Q

What are the components of extracellular matrix?

A
  • Cells

- Ground substance

85
Q

Structures found on the free surface of some epithelium that increase the surface area for absorption are called what?

A

Microvilli

86
Q

Describe the lining of each:

  1. Mucous membrane
  2. Serous membrane
  3. Synovial membrane
A
  1. lines body cavities and tracts that open to outside of body
  2. lines cavities that DO NOT open outside
  3. lines freely moveable
87
Q

The stratified squamous epithelium of the skin is classified as what?

A

Keratinized

88
Q

The lining of the mouth is classified as what?

A

Nonkeratinized

89
Q

The primary tissue type that is composed of layers of closely packed cells that cover or line organ surfaces and forms glands is called what?

A

Epithelial

90
Q

A cartilage cell that secrets matrix is called?

A

Chondroblast

91
Q 
The class of tissue that consists of cells separated from each other by large amounts of extracellular matrix is  called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
 tissue?
A

Connective

92
Q

The fiber types that are strong and flexible but resists stretching are _______ fibers?

A

Collagen

93
Q

List four primary types of tissues?

A
  1. Muscular
  2. Connective
  3. Nervous
  4. Epithelial
94
Q

What lines cavities that open to outside of the body?

A

Mucous membranes

95
Q

Embryonic connective tissue is called what?

A

Mesenchyme

96
Q

What is a single layer, cells extend from the basement membrane to the free surface called?

A

Simple epithelium

97
Q

What is more than one layer of cells with only the deepest layer attached to the basement membrane?

A

Stratified epithelium

98
Q

What is a single layer of cells that are attached to basement membrane but not all can reach the top of the free surface?

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

99
Q

The two types of connective tissue containing bundles of only collagen fibers that run in random directions are called?

A

Dense and irregular connective tissue

100
Q

Where is nonkeratinizied stratified squamous epithelium found in the body?

A

Mucosa of the oral cavity

A&P 1 Chapter 4 (3 decks)

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