Chapter 1 & 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What system provides protection and support for the body, attachment sites for muscle and movement are functions of the _____________ system?

A

Skeletal

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2
Q

What system regulates blood volume and pressure, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance?

A

Urinary system

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3
Q

What organ system stores 99% of your calcium and is critical for blood cell formation?

A

Skeletal system

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4
Q

What is the system that exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen is the _____ system, whereas the system that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide is the ______ system?

A

Respiratory - Circulatory

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5
Q

What two systems control and coordinate the trillions of body cells?

A

Endocrine - Nervous

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6
Q

What system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients?

A

Digestive system

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7
Q

The brain, spinal cord and nerves are organs of the _____________ system?

A

Nervous

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8
Q

What subdivision of the cavity contains the spleen, pancreas, and kidneys?

A

Abdominal cavity

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9
Q

What subdivision of the cavity contains the urinary bladder and part of large intestine?

A

Pelvic cavity

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10
Q

What is the directional term of depicted of a person standing and lines go down the middle of body? |

A

Medial (left)

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11
Q

What is the directional term of depicted of a person standing and lines go down the middle of body? > |

A

Lateral (right)

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12
Q

The anatomical term “digital” refers to which part(s) of the body?

A

Toe - Finger

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13
Q

A person lying facedown is in the ________ position?

A

Prone

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14
Q

What are the locations of serous membranes?

A

Covering organs within body cavities

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15
Q

The anterior region of the chest is the ____________ region.

A

Pectoral

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16
Q

A cut through the body parallel to the floor that divides the body into superior and inferior parts is called a ____________ plane?

A

Transverse

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17
Q

The cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction is known as ________ feedback.

A

Positive feedback

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18
Q

The serous membrane associated with the internal organs of the abdominalpelvic cavity is called what?

A

Peritoneum

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19
Q

The anatomical term that is usually synonymous with “superior” in humans and means towards the head are called?

A

Cranial - Cephalic

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20
Q

A structure located toward the back or behind another is _______ to it?

A

Posterior

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21
Q

What system provides protection, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production?

A

Integumentary system

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22
Q

What are the correct terms for each body part or region?

  1. Ear
  2. Wrist
  3. Cheek
  4. Forehead
  5. Chin
  6. Armpit
A
  1. Otic
  2. Carpal
  3. Buccal
  4. Frontal
  5. Mental
  6. Axillary
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23
Q

What is the serous membranes associated with the heart?

A

Pericardial membranes

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24
Q

A structure described as _______ is closer to the surface?

A

Superficial

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25
What serous membrane lines the cavity holding the heart?
Parietal pericardium
26
In terms of position or direction in the body, the knuckles of the digits are ______ to the nails.
Proximal
27
The pleural cavity is the space between the two serous membranes surrounding what?
Lungs
28
The groin is specifically referred to as the _______ region?
Inguinal
29
A structure described as _________ is furthest from the surface?
Deep
30
Proximal and distal are used with what body parts?
Legs - Arms
31
Positive feedback mechanisms are less common in healthy individuals than negative feedback mechanisms. TRUE or FALSE
True
32
What are the functions of the control center within a feedback mechanism?
- Receive and process info - Control effectors - Establish set point
33
If you are lying on the ground in the supine position, your chest is ______ to your back?
Anterior
34
What type of study is performed when you identify the heart wall consists of three layers?
Anatomy
35
The serous membrane marked in the image by the blue arrow is called the ____ membrane?
Pleural
36
On the head, the skin is _____________ to the skull.
Superficial
37
A midsagittal plane divides the body into what equal portions?
Left and Right
38
What organs make up the reproductive system?
- Uterus - Testes - Ovaries
39
Name the organ system with the body part: 1. Spinal Cord 2. Kidney 3. Stomach 4. Skin 5. Adrenal Gland
1. Nervous 2. Urinary 3. Digestive 4. Integumentary 5. Endocrine
40
What are the organs of the urinary system?
- Kidneys | - Ureters
41
Bodily changes are detected and responses are activated that reverse the change and restore stability and preserve normal body function during what feedback?
Negative
42
What body structures are lined with synovial membranes?
Knees - Elbows
43
Which type of epithelium lines the stomach, intestines, uterus, and uterine tubes?
Simple columnar epithelium
44
The number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial cells (top layer) are two criteria used to classify what tissue?
Epithelial
45
Simple squamous epithelium is best suited for?
Areas that allow diffusion of substances across the epithelium.
46
Name the cartilage to its location: 1. Hyaline 2. Elastic 3. Fibrocartilage
1. Tip of ear 2. Auricle of ear 3. Between vertebrae
47
The sac-like gland type shown in the image below is a compound ___________ gland?
Acinar
48
A tissue that consists of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered would be classified as a type of dense connective tissue? TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
49
The secretion produced by goblet cells is called ?
Mucous
50
What are the two criteria used to classify the different types of epithelial tissue?
- Shape of cells | - Number of cells
51
What class of tissue is comprised of widely-spaced cells and abundant extracellular material?
Connective tissue
52
Is stratified squamous epithelium keratinized or nonkeratinized?
Keratinized
53
Which of the four tissue types is the most diverse?
Connective tissue
54
What are the two types of muscle tissue?
- Smooth | - Cardiac
55
Which type of epithelium makes up the air sacs of the lungs, inner lining of the heart and blood vessels and the serous membranes of the viscera?
Simple squamous
56
The surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane is its ____________ surface.
Basal
57
An exocrine gland that is classified as simple has what?
Unbranched duct
58
What type of loose connective tissue is found around blood vessels and nerves and under epithelium, holding these structures in place?
Areolar
59
The stretching of epithelium tissues to allow the filling of the urinary bladder is aided by ________ epithelium.
Transitional
60
Where is adipose tissue found?
- deep in dermis of skin - surrounding kidneys - within breasts - within orbits
61
Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are tapered, nonstriated, have a single nucleus and are under involuntary control?
Smooth muscle
62
An epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells that lie directly on the basement membrane is called what?
Simple
63
In what type of gland is the top portion of the cell lost as the secretion is released?
Apocrine gland
64
Considering only the number of cell layers, the type of epithelium with multiple flat cells is called?
Stratified
65
What are the functions of connective tissue?
- Attachment of tissue - Support - Transports nutrients - Storage of energy
66
Glands that release their secretion onto a body surface are called?
Exocrine glands
67
glands while glands that release their secretions into the blood are called?
Endocrine glands
68
What are the different types of supportive connective tissues?
- Cartilage
69
Where is reticular connective tissue found?
- Lymph nodes - Spleen - Bone Marrow
70
Areolar connective tissue is a a type of __________ connective tissue?
Loose connective tissue
71
Tendons and ligaments are comprised of __________ connective tissue?
Dense connective tissue
72
The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular ______________?
Matrix
73
What is the function of the basement membrane?
Attach epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue.
74
Dense regular connective tissue is found where?
Tendons - Ligaments
75
Keratinized stratified squamous lines what part of the body?
Anus
76
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous lines what part of the body?
Mouth
77
What cell is a mucus secreting gland cell found in the epithelia of many mucous membranes?
Goblet cell
78
Structures found on the free surface of some epithelium which are mobile and function to move materials across the free surface are called?
Cilia
79
What are two types of supporting connective tissues?
- Bone | - Cartilage
80
What two structures are part of intercalated discs?
- Gap junctions | - Desmosomes
81
Areolar and adipose tissue are two examples of what?
Loose connective tissue
82
The epithelial cell that has tall columnar cells where all cells have contact with the basal surface but do not reach the free surface is ____________ columnar epitheliump?
Pseudostratified columnar
83
An exocrine gland with multiple secretory regions emptying into a single unbranched duct is called a (n) ________ gland.
Branched
84
What are the components of extracellular matrix?
- Cells | - Ground substance
85
Structures found on the free surface of some epithelium that increase the surface area for absorption are called what?
Microvilli
86
Describe the lining of each: 1. Mucous membrane 2. Serous membrane 3. Synovial membrane
1. lines body cavities and tracts that open to outside of body 2. lines cavities that DO NOT open outside 3. lines freely moveable
87
The stratified squamous epithelium of the skin is classified as what?
Keratinized
88
The lining of the mouth is classified as what?
Nonkeratinized
89
The primary tissue type that is composed of layers of closely packed cells that cover or line organ surfaces and forms glands is called what?
Epithelial
90
A cartilage cell that secrets matrix is called?
Chondroblast
91
``` The class of tissue that consists of cells separated from each other by large amounts of extracellular matrix is called ____________ tissue? ```
Connective
92
The fiber types that are strong and flexible but resists stretching are _______ fibers?
Collagen
93
List four primary types of tissues?
1. Muscular 2. Connective 3. Nervous 4. Epithelial
94
What lines cavities that open to outside of the body?
Mucous membranes
95
Embryonic connective tissue is called what?
Mesenchyme
96
What is a single layer, cells extend from the basement membrane to the free surface called?
Simple epithelium
97
What is more than one layer of cells with only the deepest layer attached to the basement membrane?
Stratified epithelium
98
What is a single layer of cells that are attached to basement membrane but not all can reach the top of the free surface?
Pseudostratified epithelium
99
The two types of connective tissue containing bundles of only collagen fibers that run in random directions are called?
Dense and irregular connective tissue
100
Where is nonkeratinizied stratified squamous epithelium found in the body?
Mucosa of the oral cavity