Chapter 1 & 4 Exam Flashcards
What system provides protection and support for the body, attachment sites for muscle and movement are functions of the _____________ system?
Skeletal
What system regulates blood volume and pressure, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance?
Urinary system
What organ system stores 99% of your calcium and is critical for blood cell formation?
Skeletal system
What is the system that exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen is the _____ system, whereas the system that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide is the ______ system?
Respiratory - Circulatory
What two systems control and coordinate the trillions of body cells?
Endocrine - Nervous
What system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients?
Digestive system
The brain, spinal cord and nerves are organs of the _____________ system?
Nervous
What subdivision of the cavity contains the spleen, pancreas, and kidneys?
Abdominal cavity
What subdivision of the cavity contains the urinary bladder and part of large intestine?
Pelvic cavity
What is the directional term of depicted of a person standing and lines go down the middle of body? |
Medial (left)
What is the directional term of depicted of a person standing and lines go down the middle of body? > |
Lateral (right)
The anatomical term “digital” refers to which part(s) of the body?
Toe - Finger
A person lying facedown is in the ________ position?
Prone
What are the locations of serous membranes?
Covering organs within body cavities
The anterior region of the chest is the ____________ region.
Pectoral
A cut through the body parallel to the floor that divides the body into superior and inferior parts is called a ____________ plane?
Transverse
The cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction is known as ________ feedback.
Positive feedback
The serous membrane associated with the internal organs of the abdominalpelvic cavity is called what?
Peritoneum
The anatomical term that is usually synonymous with “superior” in humans and means towards the head are called?
Cranial - Cephalic
A structure located toward the back or behind another is _______ to it?
Posterior
What system provides protection, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production?
Integumentary system
What are the correct terms for each body part or region?
- Ear
- Wrist
- Cheek
- Forehead
- Chin
- Armpit
- Otic
- Carpal
- Buccal
- Frontal
- Mental
- Axillary
What is the serous membranes associated with the heart?
Pericardial membranes
A structure described as _______ is closer to the surface?
Superficial
What serous membrane lines the cavity holding the heart?
Parietal pericardium
In terms of position or direction in the body, the knuckles of the digits are ______ to the nails.
Proximal
The pleural cavity is the space between the two serous membranes surrounding what?
Lungs
The groin is specifically referred to as the _______ region?
Inguinal
A structure described as _________ is furthest from the surface?
Deep
Proximal and distal are used with what body parts?
Legs - Arms
Positive feedback mechanisms are less common in healthy individuals than negative feedback mechanisms. TRUE or FALSE
True
What are the functions of the control center within a feedback mechanism?
- Receive and process info
- Control effectors
- Establish set point
If you are lying on the ground in the supine position, your chest is ______ to your back?
Anterior
What type of study is performed when you identify the heart wall consists of three layers?
Anatomy
The serous membrane marked in the image by the blue arrow is called the ____ membrane?
Pleural
On the head, the skin is _____________ to the skull.
Superficial
A midsagittal plane divides the body into what equal portions?
Left and Right
What organs make up the reproductive system?
- Uterus
- Testes
- Ovaries
Name the organ system with the body part:
- Spinal Cord
- Kidney
- Stomach
- Skin
- Adrenal Gland
- Nervous
- Urinary
- Digestive
- Integumentary
- Endocrine
What are the organs of the urinary system?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
Bodily changes are detected and responses are activated that reverse the change and restore stability and preserve normal body function during what feedback?
Negative
What body structures are lined with synovial membranes?
Knees - Elbows
Which type of epithelium lines the stomach, intestines, uterus, and uterine tubes?
Simple columnar epithelium
The number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial cells (top layer) are two criteria used to classify what tissue?
Epithelial
Simple squamous epithelium is best suited for?
Areas that allow diffusion of substances across the epithelium.
Name the cartilage to its location:
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
- Tip of ear
- Auricle of ear
- Between vertebrae
The sac-like gland type shown in the image below is a compound ___________ gland?
Acinar
A tissue that consists of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered would be classified as a type of dense connective tissue? TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
The secretion produced by goblet cells is called ?
Mucous
What are the two criteria used to classify the different types of epithelial tissue?
- Shape of cells
- Number of cells
What class of tissue is comprised of widely-spaced cells and abundant extracellular material?
Connective tissue
Is stratified squamous epithelium keratinized or nonkeratinized?
Keratinized
Which of the four tissue types is the most diverse?
Connective tissue
What are the two types of muscle tissue?
- Smooth
- Cardiac
Which type of epithelium makes up the air sacs of the lungs, inner lining of the heart and blood vessels and the serous membranes of the viscera?
Simple squamous
The surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane is its ____________ surface.
Basal
An exocrine gland that is classified as simple has what?
Unbranched duct
What type of loose connective tissue is found around blood vessels and nerves and under epithelium, holding these structures in place?
Areolar
The stretching of epithelium tissues to allow the filling of the urinary bladder is aided by ________ epithelium.
Transitional
Where is adipose tissue found?
- deep in dermis of skin
- surrounding kidneys
- within breasts
- within orbits
Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are tapered, nonstriated, have a single nucleus and are under involuntary control?
Smooth muscle
An epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells that lie directly on the basement membrane is called what?
Simple
In what type of gland is the top portion of the cell lost as the secretion is released?
Apocrine gland
Considering only the number of cell layers, the type of epithelium with multiple flat cells is called?
Stratified
What are the functions of connective tissue?
- Attachment of tissue
- Support
- Transports nutrients
- Storage of energy
Glands that release their secretion onto a body surface are called?
Exocrine glands
glands while glands that release their secretions into the blood are called?
Endocrine glands
What are the different types of supportive connective tissues?
- Cartilage
Where is reticular connective tissue found?
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Bone Marrow
Areolar connective tissue is a a type of __________ connective tissue?
Loose connective tissue
Tendons and ligaments are comprised of __________ connective tissue?
Dense connective tissue
The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular ______________?
Matrix
What is the function of the basement membrane?
Attach epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue.
Dense regular connective tissue is found where?
Tendons - Ligaments
Keratinized stratified squamous lines what part of the body?
Anus
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous lines what part of the body?
Mouth
What cell is a mucus secreting gland cell found in the epithelia of many mucous membranes?
Goblet cell
Structures found on the free surface of some epithelium which are mobile and function to move materials across the free surface are called?
Cilia
What are two types of supporting connective tissues?
- Bone
- Cartilage
What two structures are part of intercalated discs?
- Gap junctions
- Desmosomes
Areolar and adipose tissue are two examples of what?
Loose connective tissue
The epithelial cell that has tall columnar cells where all cells have contact with the basal surface but do not reach the free surface is ____________ columnar epitheliump?
Pseudostratified columnar
An exocrine gland with multiple secretory regions emptying into a single unbranched duct is called a (n) ________ gland.
Branched
What are the components of extracellular matrix?
- Cells
- Ground substance
Structures found on the free surface of some epithelium that increase the surface area for absorption are called what?
Microvilli
Describe the lining of each:
- Mucous membrane
- Serous membrane
- Synovial membrane
- lines body cavities and tracts that open to outside of body
- lines cavities that DO NOT open outside
- lines freely moveable
The stratified squamous epithelium of the skin is classified as what?
Keratinized
The lining of the mouth is classified as what?
Nonkeratinized
The primary tissue type that is composed of layers of closely packed cells that cover or line organ surfaces and forms glands is called what?
Epithelial
A cartilage cell that secrets matrix is called?
Chondroblast
The class of tissue that consists of cells separated from each other by large amounts of extracellular matrix is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue?
Connective
The fiber types that are strong and flexible but resists stretching are _______ fibers?
Collagen
List four primary types of tissues?
- Muscular
- Connective
- Nervous
- Epithelial
What lines cavities that open to outside of the body?
Mucous membranes
Embryonic connective tissue is called what?
Mesenchyme
What is a single layer, cells extend from the basement membrane to the free surface called?
Simple epithelium
What is more than one layer of cells with only the deepest layer attached to the basement membrane?
Stratified epithelium
What is a single layer of cells that are attached to basement membrane but not all can reach the top of the free surface?
Pseudostratified epithelium
The two types of connective tissue containing bundles of only collagen fibers that run in random directions are called?
Dense and irregular connective tissue
Where is nonkeratinizied stratified squamous epithelium found in the body?
Mucosa of the oral cavity
