Connective Tissue Flashcards
What classifies as connective tissue?
-bone
-blood
-cartilage
-adipose tissue
-general connective tissue (found all over the body- known as stroma)
* Mechanical support
*Conduit for blood vessels and nerves
*Fills space between basement membranes of other cell types
what is general connective tissue?
stroma
provides :
(found all over the body- known as stroma)
* Mechanical support
*Conduit for blood vessels and nerves
*Fills space between basement membranes of other cell types (stroma)
What are the general characteristics of connective tissue?
-has a lot of extracellular matrix (which are materials that are outside of the tissue cells)
- tissue cells present are few and far away from each other (scattered, no visual pattern)
what stain is used to identify connective tissue?
-trichrome (identifies collagen)
stains sky blue
What are the connective tissue classifications?
What do connective tissue look like in cytology preparation?
-far away and on their own
-Matrix can still be noticed around them (pink)- present most of the time
what is the mitotic activity of connective cells?
-Blood cells are constantly being produced in bone marrow
*HOWEVER, Once in circulation, granulocytes, platelets, and RBCs are no longer capable of mitosis
-Other cells are stable (generally not mitotic, but can undergo mitosis when absolutely needed)
*i.e. periodic division to maintain function
*Cartilage and bone have a population of progenitors (rely on stem cells to come in and help)
What is the COMPOSITION of general connective tissue?
-motile cells: since blood vessels are in connective tissue, lymphocytes and passing material will be observed
ex: connective tissue in gi track
-fixed cells: they live there
*ground substance is a soup/geltanine made up of sugars
What are the classification of connective tissue?
Where are muscle and connective tissue derived from?
-MESODERM
What can embryonic mesenchyme and its stem cells (baby mesoderms) turn into?
- bone marrow
-fat (adipose)
-fiberblast
osteocytes in bone
Vimentin intermediate filaments make up the mesoderm
What cells will be made up of vimentin despite being epithelial?
-mesothelial cells
-endothelial cells
What are fibroblast? and what does it look like?
*most common connective tissue
-resident cells that make up most of the matrix, fibers and ground components in the connective tissue
-identifiable by oval nucleus
- mitotically stable (open chromatin when needed)
What are Adipocytes? and what to they look like ?
-FAT
-ALWAYS ADHERENT(despite being connective tissue)
Can be either white or brown fat:
White fat- unilocular
-Single large vacuole
-Energy storage
-Cushioning
-Adipokines (e.g. leptin, adiponectin)- very mitotically active
-Modulate energy metabolism and body mass, inflammation and immunity
Brown fat-multilocular
-Many smaller vacuoles
-Thermoregulation
-present more in babies
What are histiocytes, and what do they look like?
Two types:
-Tissue macrophage = professional phagocyte/ ingest and promote inflammation
-Dendritic cell (presents foreign molecules to lymphocytes)
Stellate shaped
Need special stains to see
image is macrophage (w ingested red cells) as dendritic cells cannot be regularly seen
What are the features of macrophages? and what do they look like in stains?
Migratory cells - from blood monocytes
Large with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm
-Round to oval to bean shaped
-EUCHROMATIC NEUCLEUS
what are mast cells? and what do they look like under stain?
TISSUE CELLS ONLY
What stain picks up mast cells?
TOLOUIDINE BLUE
they are the purple part
found everwhere
What are and what do plasma cells look like?
what are each of the cells labeled?
What are the types of collagen that are most abundant in CT fiber ??
type I: strongest (in Dense connective tissue)
type II: in cartilage
type III: delicate fibers/ not visible to the naked eye (reticular connective tissue)
Type Iv: In basement membrane
What are the characteristics of fibular collagen? (type I)
-Easily observable in stain
What is the predominant type of collagen that makes up dense irregular tissue ?
-type 1 collagen
What are the characteristics of dense irregular connective tissue?
What are the characteristics of dense irregular connective tissue? and what does it look like?
What are the visual differences of dense regulation CT versus smooth muscle?
-CT is more wiggly
what type of collagen is reticular connective tissue composed of? and where is reticular CT LOCATED?
NOT VISIBLE TO NAKED EYE
must use silver stain
What staain highlights reticular connective tissue?
silver stain
What are elastin and elastic fibers?
Locations:
skin
lungs
arteries (muscular arteries)
periodontal ligament
elastic cartilage
stretch areas
where are elastic fibers most prominent?
wall of muscular artery
stain or arteries:
elastic fibers observed, as they need to be able to stretch a lot
elastic fibers appear different than pink (pale pink,yellow +/- wavy)
What is the ground substance in connective tissue?
What are the most important glycosaminoglycans in the ground substance
hyaluronic acid is the only that can live by itself
hyaluronic acid is the only glycosaminoglycan that can live by itself. other wise….
most glycosaminoglycans bind to protein core (protoglycan)
What does loos connective tissue look like?
