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BIOSCI 107 > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue (features)

A
  • not found on body surfaces
  • can be highly vascular
  • is supplied by nerves (except cartilage)
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2
Q

Connective tissue (description)

A
  • a major transport system of the body (e.g. blood)
  • a major site of stored energy reserves (e.g. fats and adipose tissue)
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3
Q

Connective tissue (components)

A

extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells

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4
Q

Connective tissue (function)

A

binds, supports and strengths other body tissues

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5
Q

Extracellular matrix - ECM (Components)

A

Ground substances and Protein Fibres

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6
Q

Extracellular matrix - ECM (Structure)

A

largely dictates the connective tissue qualities
- cartilage = ECM is firm and rubbery
- bone = ECM is hard and flexible

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7
Q

Ground substance (components)

A

mixture of water, proteins and polysaccharides (sugars)

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8
Q

Sugars = ___________

A

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

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9
Q

Sugars (functions)

A

join/bind with core proteins to form proteoglycans

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10
Q

Sulphated GAGs (4)

A

Dermatan sulphate, Keratan sulphate, Chondroitin sulphate, Heparin sulphate

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11
Q

Dermatan sulphate

A

found in skin, tendons, blood vessels, heart valves

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12
Q

Keratan sulphate

A

found in bone, cartilage, cornea of the eye

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13
Q

Chondroitin sulphate

A

support + provide the adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels

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14
Q

Non-sulphated GAGs

A

Hyaluronic acid

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15
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

does not bind directly to protein backbone but is joined to various proteoglycans

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16
Q

Hyaluronic acid (function)

A

binds cells together, lubricates joints and maintains shape of eyeball

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17
Q

Hyalurodinase enzyme (produced by…)

A

white blood cells, sperm and some bacteria

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18
Q

Hyalurodinase enzyme (function)

A
  • catalyse the degradation of hyaluronic acid
  • makes GS more liquid so they can move more easily in it and makes access to the eggs easier for sperm
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19
Q

Types of Protein Fibres (3)

A

Collagen fibres, Reticular fibres, Elastic fibres

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20
Q

Collagen fibres (arrangement)

A

arranged in parallel bundles

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21
Q

Collagen fibres (features)

A

very strong but flexible to resist pulling forces
- preventing the CT from being torn or separated from surrounding tissues

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22
Q

Collagen fibres (location)

A

bone, cartilages, tendons and ligaments

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23
Q

Reticular fibres (components)

A

collagen with coating of glycoprotein - made by fibroblasts

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24
Q

Reticular fibres (function)

A

strength + support
- form part of the Basement Membrane
- form networks in vessels and through tissues

25
Q

Elastic fibres (description)

A

fibrous network

26
Q

Elastic fibres (key protein)

A

elastin surrounded by the glycoprotein fibrillin = more strength and stability

27
Q

Elastic fibres (location)

A

skin, blood vessels and lungs

28
Q

Types of Connective tissue cells

A

Fibroblasts vs. adipocytes (fat cells)

29
Q

Fibroblasts (location)

A

widely distributed in the connective tissue - migratory

30
Q

Fibroblasts (function)

A

secrete components of the matrix (ground substances and protein fibres)

31
Q

Adipocytes (location)

A

under skin and around organs

32
Q

Adipocytes (function)

A

stores fat (triglycerides)

33
Q

Embryonic Connective Tissue (types)

A

Mesenchyme vs. Mucous

34
Q

Mesenchyme (components)

A

consists of CT cells (mesenchymal cells) in a seminal fluid ground substance that contains reticular fibres

35
Q

Mesenchyme (function)

A

gives rise to all other connective tissues

36
Q

Mucous (components)

A

widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in jelly-like ground substance

37
Q

Mucous (function)

A

supports the Umbilical cord of the foetus

38
Q

Loose Connective Tissue (types)

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

39
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue (structure)

A

3 types of fibres are present (reticular, collagen, elastic)

40
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue (location)

A

widely distributed around

41
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue (function)

A

strength, elasticity, support

42
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue (structure)

A

dominate by adipocytes

43
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue (location)

A

found with the areolar connective tissue

44
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue (types)

A

white adipose vs. brown adipose
- white = energy storage
- brown = heat production

45
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue (function)

A

insulation, energy source, temperature control

46
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue (structure)

A

branching + mesh-like appearance due to the reticular fibres crosslinking

47
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue (location)

A

kidney, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

48
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue (function)

A

provides structural support for most lymphoid organs
- by creating and maintaining the networks of the fibres

49
Q

Dense Connective Tissue (types)

A

Regular, Irregular, Elastic

50
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue (structure)

A

contained tightly packed bundles of collagen fibres

51
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue (location)

A

tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

52
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue (function)

A

slow healing and attachment/connection to different organs and muscles

53
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (structure)

A

consists mostly of collagen fibres

54
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (location)

A

dermis and eyeball’s protective white coating layer

55
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (function)

A

strength and makes the skin resistant to tearing by stretching forces from different directions

56
Q

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue (structure)

A

contains elastin fibres in addition to collagen fibres

57
Q

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue (location)

A

in the walls of blood vessels, in respiratory passageways and surrounding part of the spine

58
Q

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue (function)

A

allows tissues to regain original shape after stretching

BIOSCI 107 (3 decks)

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