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BIOSCI 107 > 11 Body systems > Flashcards

11 Body systems Flashcards

Components + Functions

1
Q

MURDERS LINC

A

Muscular, Urinary, Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, Reproductive, Skeletal, Lymphatic (+ immune), Integumentary, Nervous, Cardiovascular

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2
Q

Components of the Muscular system

A

skeletal muscles, axial muscles, appendicular muscles, tendons, aponeuroses

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3
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

movement/support, protect soft tissues, controls entries and exits of the body (respiratory, digestive and urinary)

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4
Q

Axial muscles

A

support + positioning of the axial skeleton

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4
Q

Appendicular muscles

A

support + move limbs

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4
Q

tendons

A

connection muscle to bone

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5
Q

aponeuroses

A

connection muscle to muscle

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5
Q

Components of Urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, bladders, urethra

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6
Q

kidneys (urinary system)

A

produce urine (remove liquid waste - urine), regulation of blood pressure + pH + ions, assist in red blood cells production

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7
Q

ureters (urinary)

A

conducts urine to bladder

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8
Q

bladder

A

stores urine before elimination

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9
Q

urethra (urinary system)

A

conducts urine to exterior

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10
Q

Components of Respiratory

A

nasal cavity + paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm

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11
Q

nasal cavity + paranasal sinuses

A

filter/warm/humidify air + smelling

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12
Q

pharynx (respiratory system)

A

conducts air to the larynx

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13
Q

larynx

A

protects opening to trachea, contains vocal cords

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14
Q

trachea

A

conducts air

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15
Q

bronchi

A

conducts air between trachea and lungs

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16
Q

lungs

A

air movement, gas exchange of oxygen and CO2 in alveoli, acid + base control

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17
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle for air movement

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18
Q

Components of Digestive System

A

oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine

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19
Q

oral cavity

A

breaks down food

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20
Q

salivary glands

A

enzymes = begins digestion

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21
Q

pharynx (digestive system)

A

conducts solid food + liquid to oesophagus

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22
Q

oesophagus

A

deliver food to stomach

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23
Q

stomach

A

secretes acid (breaks down food), pepsin enzyme (digest proteins), hormone gastrin (increase stomach mobility)

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24
Q

small intestine

A

digestive enzymes (breaks into smaller molecules), absorbs nutrients

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25
Q

liver

A

secretes bile (aids digestion), regulates nutrients in blood

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26
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile

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27
Q

pancreas (digestive system)

A

digestive enzymes (digest proteins), endocrine cells (make hormone insulin to control blood sugar levels)

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28
Q

large intestine

A

water removal + waste storage and removal

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29
Q

Components of Endocrine system

A

pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, gonads

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30
Q

pineal gland

A

controls day/night rhythms (body rhythms) - Melatonin

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31
Q

hypothalamus

A

secretes hormones and regulates growth

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32
Q

thyroid glands

A

have hormones thyroxine = regulates body’s metabolic rate

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33
Q

parathyroid gland

A

regulation of Ca levels in blood

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34
Q

thymus

A

production + maturation of immune cells

35
Q

adrenal glands

A

hormones = regulate metabolism/immune system/blood pressure and response to stress

36
Q

kidneys (endocrine system)

A

red blood cells production, rise in blood pressure

37
Q

pancreas (endocrine system)

A

glucose control

38
Q

gonads

A

sexual hormones + reproduction

39
Q

Components of Reproductive system (Male)

A

testes, accessory organs (epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal glands, prostate glands, urethra), external genitalia/penis/scrotum

40
Q

testes

A

produce testosterone (deep voice, muscles development + grow body hair) and making sperms

41
Q

epididymis

A

sperm maturation

42
Q

ductus deferens

A

receives sperm from epididymis + transport sperm to urethra

43
Q

seminal glands

A

produces seminal fluid to make up the semen

44
Q

prostate glands

A

produces seminal fluid to transport sperm

45
Q

urethra (reproductive system)

A

sperm release

46
Q

Components of Reproductive system (Female)

A

ovaries, ulterine tubes, uterus, vagina + external genitalia, mammary glands

47
Q

ovaries

A

producing hormones (estrogen + progesterone) and produces eggs for fertilisation

48
Q

ulterine tubes

A

location of fertilisation and delivering oocytes

49
Q

uterus

A

embryonic development

50
Q

vagina + external genitalia

A

receiving sperm + birth delivery

51
Q

mammary glands (reproductive)

A

nutrients for newborn

52
Q

Components of Skeletal system

A

bones/joints/cartilages, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, bone, bone marrow (red vs. yellow)

53
Q

bones + joints + cartilages

A

structure and support

54
Q

axial skeleton

A

support and protects brain, spinal cord and other organs + stability for the appendicular skeleton

55
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

internal support + positioning of limbs (enables muscles to move the axial skeleton)

56
Q

bone

A

stores minerals

57
Q

bone marrow (red)

A

contains blood stem cells = RBC production

58
Q

bone marrow (yellow)

A

contains fat cells

59
Q

Components of the Lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels, lymphatic fluids, B & T cells, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

60
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

carry lymph fluid (water + protein) and lymphocytes to CV system

61
Q

lymphatic fluids

A

contains lipids (fats + fatty acids) from gut and fluid from tissues

62
Q

B & T cells

A

immune responses
B = creates antibodies
T = destroys cancerous and infected cells

63
Q

lymph nodes

A

filter out harmful substance and waste products
contains lymphocytes = stimulate immune responses

64
Q

spleen

A

recycle RBC, controls RBC circulation, fights invading germs in blood

65
Q

thymus (lymphatic + immune system)

A

production + maturation of T cells lymphocytes (immune cells)

66
Q

Components of Integumentary system

A

epidermis, dermis (hair follicles, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails, sensory receptors), hypodermis

67
Q

epidermis

A

protective layer + Vitamin D production

68
Q

dermis

A

middle layers (inner) + supporting epidermis

69
Q

hair follicles

70
Q

hair

A

protection

71
Q

sebaceous glands

A

producing sebum to lubricates hair shaft and epidermis

72
Q

sweat glands

A

thermoregulation - evaporative cooling

73
Q

nails

A

protecting digits (toes + nails)

74
Q

sensory receptors

A

detects sensation (temperature, pain, touch, pressure, etc. )

75
Q

hypodermis

A

bottom layer + stores fats/energy

76
Q

Components of Nervous system

A

CNS (brain + spinal cord), PNS

77
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

receiving, processing and responding to sensory information

78
Q

brain

A

thoughts + decisions, movements, balance + coordination
- complex integrative activities
- controls voluntary and involuntary activities

79
Q

spinal cord

A

relays info to and from the brain
- less complex integrative activities

80
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

links CNS to other systems and sensory organs
- relaying infos to the brain and carrying out commands from the brain to various body parts

81
Q

Components of Cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins), blood

82
Q

heart

A

pump blood + oxygen around the body, delivers CO2 to lungs for removal, maintains blood pressure

83
Q

blood vessels

A

deliver blood to organs and tissues

84
Q

arteries

A

transport oxygenated blood from heart to capillaries

85
Q

capillaries

A

transport blood/nutrients/oxygen to organ cells and body systems

86
Q

veins

A

return deoxygenated blood from capillaries to heart

87
Q

blood

A

transport oxygen/nutrients (allow body parts to keep working), removing waste (CO2), fights infections (cells + antibodies) and regulating body temperature

BIOSCI 107 (3 decks)

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