connective Flashcards
Connective tissues originate from embryonic _____, a tissue developing mainly from the middle layer of the embryo, the mesoderm. Characterized by branched cells embedded in an abundant amorphous intercellular substance
a. mesenchyme
b. parenchyme
c. both
mesenchyme
Connective tissue are derived from what primary germ layer?
a. mesoderm
b. endoderm
c. ectoderm
d. all
mesoderm
Principal cells of connective tissue. Responsible for the synthesis of fibers and ground matrix (glycosaminoglycans).
a. fibroblast
b. fibrocyte
c. laminin
d. fibronectin
fibroblast
Complex of anionic, hydrophilic proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and multiadhesive glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin, and others).
a. fibroblast
b. fibrocyte
c. ground substance
d. extracellular matrix
ground substance
Specialized to physically support and connect other tissues and maintain the water required for metabolite diffusion to and from cells
a. Conective
b. Epithelium
c. Muscular
d. Nervous
Connective Tissue
The connective tissue proper usually consists of both large protein fi bers and nonfi brous areas ofunstained ground substance rich in various GAGs and water.
a. fibroblast
b. fibrocyte
c. ground substance
d. extracellular matrix
extracellular matrix (ECM)
The major cells of connective tissue
proper, are elongated, irregularly shaped cells with oval nuclei that
synthesize and secrete most components of the ECM.
a. Fibroblast
b. Adipocytes
c. Macrophages
d. Mast cells
Fibroblasts
Very large cells specialized for storage of triglycerides; they predominate in a specialized form of connective
tissue called adipose tissue .
a. Fibroblast
b. Adipocytes
c. Macrophages
d. Mast cells
Adipocytes
Short-lived cells that differentiate in connective tissue from precursor cells called monocytes circulating in the blood; they function in ECM turnover, phagocytosis of dead cells and debris, and antigen presentation to lymphocytes.
a. Fibroblast
b. Adipocytes
c. Macrophages
d. Mast cells
Macrophages
Originate from blood cell precursors and are filled
with granules for the release of various vasoactive agents and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.
a. Fibroblast
b. Adipocytes
c. Macrophages
d. Mast cells
Mast Cells
Short-lived cells that differentiate from B lymphocytes
and are specialized for the abundant secretion of specifi c antibodies (immunoglobulin). With cartwheel nucleus appearance.
a. Fibroblast
b. Plasma cells
c. Macrophages
d. Mast cells
Plasma cells
Macrophages are also known as _______.
a. Histiocytes
b. Monocytes
c. Luekocytes
d. Mast cells
Histiocytes
Mast Cells secrete the following except:
a. Heparin
b. Histamine
c. Serotonin
d. Cathecholamines
Cathecholamines
Connective tissue proper is usually classified as loose or dense according to the amount of _____ present.
a. collagen and ground substance
b. fibrin and ground substance
c. ground substance and extracelular matrix
d. collagen and extracelular matrix
al cord.
collagen and ground substance
Has relatively more ground substance than collagen, and it typically surrounds small blood vessels and occupies areas adjacent to other types of epithelia.
a. Loose connective tissue (or areolar tissue)
b. Dense irregular connective tissue
c. Dense regular connective tissue
d. Mucous connective tissue
Loose connective tissue (or areolar tissue)
Filled primarily with randomly distributed bundles of type I collagen, with some elastic fibers, providing resistance to tearing from all directions as well as some elasticity.
a. Loose connective tissue (or areolar tissue)
b. Dense irregular connective tissue
c. Dense regular connective tissue
d. Mucous connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Prominent in tendons and ligaments, features bundles of essentially parallel collagen, providing great strength (but little stretch) in binding together components of the musculoskeletal system.
a. Loose connective tissue (or areolar tissue)
b. Dense irregular connective tissue
c. Dense regular connective tissue
d. Mucous connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue,
Consists of delicate networks of type III collagen (reticulin) and is most abundant in certain lymphoid organs where
the fibers form attachment sites for lymphocytes and other immune cells.
a. Reticular Tissue
b. Dense irregular connective tissue
c. Dense regular connective tissue
d. Mucous connective tissue
Reticular Tissue
Embryonic form of gel-like connective tissue with few cells, resembling mesenchyme, and is best seen around blood vessels in the umbilical cord.
a. Loose connective tissue (or areolar tissue)
b. Dense irregular connective tissue
c. Dense regular connective tissue
d. Mucous connective tissue
Mucous connective tissue
Also known as multipotential or pluripotential cells.
a. Mesenchymal Cells
b. Parenchymal Cells
c. both
Mesenchymal Cells
Imparts a yellowish color to the fresh tissue because of the presence of protein called
a. fibrin
b. elastin
c. reticular
d. wharton’s jelly
elastin
Linear (unbranched) polysaccharides, e.g. heparan sulfate, condroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid
very hydrophilic due to abundant negative charges (e.g. SO4- groups).
a. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
b. Proteoglycans
c. Multiadhesive glycoproteins
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
Core protein + GAG side chains (like a bottle brush)
bind cells, other proteins, and/or ECM components.
a. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
b. Proteoglycans
c. Multiadhesive glycoproteins
Proteoglycans
Small glycosylated proteins containing NUMEROUS binding sites to cells, signaling molecules, and other ECM components.
a. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
b. Proteoglycans
c. Multiadhesive glycoproteins
Multiadhesive glycoproteins
Constitute a family of proteins selected during evolution for their ability to form a variety of extracellular structures.
a. Collagen
b. Fibrin
c. Proteoglycans
Collagen
Type of collagen that functions on resistance to tension.
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4
Type 1
Type of collagen that functions resistance to pressure.
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4
type 2
Type of collagen that functions in structural maintenance in expansible organs.
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4
type 3
Notably collagen types I, II, and III, have subunits that aggregate to form large fibrils clearly visible in the electron or light microscop. These often densely fill the connective tissue, forming structures such as tendons, organ capsules, and dermis.
a. Fibrillar collagens,
b. Sheet-forming collagens
c. Linking/anchoring collagens
Fibrillar collagens
Type IV collagen have subunits produced by epithelial cells and are the major structural proteins of external laminae and the basal lamina in all epithelia.
a. Fibrillar collagens,
b. Sheet-forming collagens
c. Linking/anchoring collagens
Sheet-forming collagens
Short collagens that link fibrillar collagens to one another components of the ECM. Type VII collagen binds type IV collagen and anchors the basal lamina to the underlying reticular lamina in basement.
a. Fibrillar collagens,
b. Sheet-forming collagens
c. Linking/anchoring collagens
Linking/anchoring collagens
